The Art of public speaking Essay

Chapter 1 oratory in public root of popular SpeakingGreek Pericles superstar who excogitates a discernment on any aspire but cannot explain it clearly might as well never had thought at all on the accede un bidericted speaking is consistently rated high on employers lists The Tradition of Public SpeakingHistorical people who used speaking effectivelySimilarities and Differences in Public Speaking and DailyConversation SimilaritiesOrganizing your thoughts logicallyTailoring your substance to your audienceTelling a story for maximum impact- building up your storyAdapting to listener feedbackDifferencesSpeaking to groups is very highly structured severe time restrictionsMost seizet allow for question interruptions (must architectural plan for and anticipate questions that might arise in listeners mind) Public Speaking requires to a greater extent formal languageNo slang jargon bad grammar or curse wordsHighly structuredPublic Speaking requires a different method of deliveryP roper posture, no vocalizing take upers for time ( uhh, urm, ehh) and avoid distracting mannerisms (hand talking) and verbal habits Developing confidence In your deliverance furcate 40 % of people said public speaking was worst cargonEveryone get hold ofs nervous at speaking, great loud speaker system unit systems use this to help their terminology concentrate on transforming nervousness to one of supportive nervousness ( controlled nervousness that helps energise a speaker for their pre moveation)Tricks to turn nervousness from negative to positive flummox experience in speaking- the to a greater extent you do it the les scary it go forth be because its not new and threatening Be prepared- 1- hours for every minute verbalisePick topics that are close to youThink Positively 5 positive thoughts for every negative oneVisualize you speaking wellYou dont look as nervous as you thinkPublic Speaking and Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking- focused organized persuasion to the highest degree such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence and the variation between fact and opinionThe name and address Communication Process loudspeaker systemBe enthusiastic for people to be engaged in your speechMessageHave and intended message that go forth be in reality be communicatedKeep a narrowed topicBe sensible of the message you are sending with your voice, appearance, gestures, facial expressions and eye impinging. Dont let your non verbal cues distract from your intended messageChannel- the means by which a message is communicated by listener- soul receiving spoken messagesFrame of type- the total of the listeners liveledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes Because the speaker and listener will never have the same meaning of a speech itll carry a different meaning for each of them Feedback- messages sent for listener to speakerInterferencee- anything impeding the communication of the messageExtental- outsi de distracting noises or situationsInternal- distractions cominmg from the inside of a listnerSituation-time and place communication is going d birthTaioloring a speech to the context of the event (graduation, funeral, church)Public Speaking in a Multicultural World spoken language is the biggest barrier betweent difference in cultures Enthocentrisim- stamp that ones make culture is superiorChapter 2 Ethics and Public SpeakingThe Importance of ethicsGuidelines for ethical speaking harbor sure goals are ethically soundJust because your ethical background makes you for an issue someoe who mamkes a descision against you establish on their ethics doesnt make them wrong Be fully prepared for a speechBe prepared because you not only was your time if you speak badly but you waste the individuals in the audiences times as well.Be HonestHiding the truth to nurse the e normous community isnt unethical but lying to entertain yourself is Dont juggle statistics, quote outa context, misrepre senting sources, painting tentative findings as finite, citing unique situations as normal representation or substitute intimation and half-truths for proofAvoid reboot calling and abusive languageName calling- the use of stereotypical labels meant to degrade and dehumanize and silence opposing sides. victimization such language is a destructive social force and will also make your audience doubt you entire speech and message Plagiarism- tone ending off someone elses work as your own without credit Global Plagiarism- copying an entire document or speech verbatim Patchwork Plagiarism- piecing together more than one document and passing of as your own. Can have some transitions but a vast majority is completely copied Incremental Plagiarism- failing to give credit to an author of a quotation or paraphrase of ideasWays to stop accidental plagiarismTake note of title of documentGroup/person responsible for the documentDate document was last updatedDate rate was accessedGuidelines f or ethical comprehendBe courteous and attentiveAvoid prejudging the speakerMaintain free and chip in expression of ideasChapter 3 auditory modality harkening is Important discovering- pay close attention to and making sense of what we envision Good audience improves efficient, sales, customer satisfaction and employee morale Effective sense of hearing correlates to higher gradesListening and Critical ThinkingTypes of listenersAppreciative listening- listening for cheer or enjoymentMusic movies comedyEmpathic listening- listening to depict emotional support for a speakerFriends, family, psychiatristComprehensive listening- listening to understand the message of a speakerClass room lecture, listening to directionsCritical listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejoicing itSales pitch, campaign speeches, sermonsFour Causes of Poor Listeningnot ConcentratingLetting your mind wander and not focus on what is world saidListening too hardTrying to r emember insignifi camber amounts of breeding verses the speakers chief(prenominal) pointsJumping to conclusionsInstead of waiting for answers just presume the worst and going with itMarking a speakers message as unsatisfying before even giving them a chance Focusing on delivery and personal appearanceHow to become a better ListenerTake Listening SeriouslyBe an Active Listener fleet your undivided attention to the speaker to genuinely try and understand their point of viewResist distractionsTry anticipate what the speaker might declareReview what the speaker has already saidDont be Diverted by Appearance or DeliverySuspend judgmentUntil you hear the entire speechSet aside your own prejudices, draw ups of reference and desires to fully appreciate what the speaker is trying to get acrossA closed mind is an empty mindFocus your ListeningListen for Main PointsListen for evidenceMatched up with the main points to support themQuestions to accept about evidenceIs it accurate?Is it taken from objective sources?Is it relevant to the speakers claims?Is it sufficient to support the speakers point?Listen for techniqueTake note of any speakers techniques of delivering the speech to better your own speech techniquesDeveloping good note taking skillsFocus on important main pointsThe key word outline- outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline formChapter 4 Giving Your First SpeechPreparing Your SpeechDeveloping your SpeechFocusing Your TopicDont try and cover everything dumbfound to the time limitDeveloping Your TopicBe creative plainly use humor if it comes natural and doesnt offend any oneOrganizing the SpeechIntroductionGrab the evokes of the audienceOrient audience with prevail over matter of speechBodyOrganize either chronologically or topically pulmonary tuberculosis effective transitionsLimit and focus number of main pointsConclusionRelate back to intro without restatingSignal that you are terminalEnd stron glyDelivering your SpeechSpeaking Extemporaneously (appears conversational)A crossbreeding between writing the whole speech and writing nothing Uses a brief structured outline but uses spontaneity to help fill in the gapsRehearsing the SpeechPresenting the SpeechStartingRelaxed natural posture tang confidentPlant your feet keep natural small gesturesEye contactVery important and will impress audienceVoiceUse inflections dont go over bored dont sound monotoneProjection is keySLOW DOWNChapter 5 Selecting a Topic and a aspireChoosing a TopicTopics you know a lot aboutDraws from your own experiences and knowledgeThink preposterous and unique to youTopics you indirect request to know more aboutSomething you are raise in but have little knowledge in without investigateSomething you have very strong opinions inBrain StormingPersonal lineageWrite everything about you( hobbies, experiences, likes, opinions, everything) and decide where to go from thereClusteringMake nine lists of abou t 4-5 entries (people places things events processes concepts natural phemonoms problems and plans) From that big list pick 3-4 entries that interest you and free- associate those out until you get a unique interesting speech idea Internet SearchScan an online web site based encyclopedia like thing for possible topicsDetermining the General PurposeTo informActing like a teacher giving a lectureTo persuadeActing like a partisan or advocateDetermining the Specific PurposeNarrow down into 1 sentenceTips for formulating the Specific purpose statementWrite the Purpose as a complete sentenceExpress your purpose as a statement, not as a questionAvoid Figurative LanguageLimit to one ideaMake sure purpose isnt vague/ generalPhrasing the Central IdeaChapter 6 Analyzing the referenceAudience-CenterednessImportant questionsWho am I speaking toWhat do I want them to know/believe/or do as a outgrowth of my speechWhat is the most effective way to compose my speech to get this aim Your classm ates as an audienceThe psychology of audiencesPeople are self-centred and only care about what they are going to get from a speech Your audience will only grasp concepts in their frame of referenceDemographic audience analysisAgeEach propagation has similar general values and experience that shape them differently from the rest GenderMen and woman are not alike in their beliefs so take account of that ReligionSexual OrientationBe inclusive and avoid derogatory terms like lifestyle and homophile Race, ethnic and culturalBackgroundsGroup MembershipsBASICALLY BE GENERAL AF AND preceptorT STEP ON ANYONES TOES EVER BCZ PEOPLE ARE susceptible Dont try to fully change their viewpoints just open their minds Situational audience analysis-audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as size fleshly setting and the disposition of the audience to the speaker, topic, and occasion SizeLarger=more formalSize effects..LanguageChoice of appealsVisual aids physical settingDisposit ion toward the topicThings that effect the likelihood your audience will be captivated InterestKnowledge and interest goes hand in handKnowledgeAttitudeDisposition toward the speakerTalk about things you are an expert on and definitely stay away from things you cant relate toDisposition toward the occasionDont go against the norm of typical speeches recognized at such occasionsGetting information about the audienceAdapting to the audienceChapter 7 Gathering MaterialsUsing your own knowledge and experienceDoing library researchResources you should useLibrariansCatalogue interview booksEncyclopediasYearbooksQuotation booksBiographical aidsNewspaper and periodical databasesAcademic databases