Zhao Ji Essay -- Biography

Zhao Ji was the eleventh son of Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Being so far down the line for succession to the empire, he dog-tired his time devoting himself to his loves of literature, art, and Daoism surrounding himself in luxury and sophistication. He built up and catalogued an extensive painting collection, Xuanhehuapu, with over 6,000 paintings. To date, no earlier collection, neither court or private, is known to have as much detail as Huizongs because book length catalogues of his paintings, calligraphies and antiquities all survived (Ebrey, p.5). Huizong wanted to reform court music that had been degenerated during the 5 Dynasties Period and was an avid believer in ruiying, Heavens way of communicating with the earth. He is thought of as the only accomplished artist in a line of emperors all who love and appreciated the arts (Oxford Art Dictionary). It is his love of the arts, and his decisions to favor art and religion over politics that is associated wi th the fall of the neat Northern Song Dynasty, a dynasty that ruled from 960 until it was lost at the hand of Huizong in 1127.Huizong was a literati artist, well trained in poetry and calligraphy very much looking at paintings in terms of these two arts, adopting many of the aesthetic concepts set forth in Ershisi Shipin (The 24 aspects of Poetry). As a literati artist he believed in depth and primitive simplicity in his work, and that painting was an enjoyable activity intended to please ones self and ones friends (Barnhart, p.3). His development as an artist was oversaw by three friends, all of high social rank, but of different interests. Zhao Lingrang was a painter and assisted the Emperor in his continual search for scrolls to adorn his colle... ...In popular Chinese memory, Huizong is known as the Artist-Emperor (Ebrey, p.8) He was talented enough to have made a put forward for himself, had he not become emperor. During his twenty six year rule he established the most impr essive art collection anyone has put unitedly to date. He established a school for court painters and restored music in China. It was simply his own misfortune that during his rule, his empire would fall to the Jin tribe from the North. Perhaps it is because Huizong loved the beautiful so intensely that he had no head for the tough side of governing (Ebrey, p.11). However I do not think it would be fair to overlook all that Huizong did for the arts of China and simply concentrate on the ill fortune that forced him to lose his empire. A few no-account decisions shouldnt undo all the greatness that Huizong has enabled through his love of the arts.

Themes of the Odyssey :: essays research papers

Throughout the Odyssey there are many themes that Homer uses to portray different people and events. To chance upon a few, there are the themes of Betrayal and Revenge,Greed and Glutony, Hospitality, Role of the Gods and Wealth (the amount of money one had determined the status he held in the greek society, and this explains Odysseuss experience for plunder). To start with the most common one, the situation of the gods, one can see many such eachusions thrown all over the odyssey. The epic poem starts in Mt.Olympus where the gods are discussing what will happen to Odysseus , Master mariner and warrior of Ithaka. As it so happens he is on the island of Kalypso, one of the lesser gods. Also, as Odysseus travels, one learns about the role of the gods in not only his travels but other peoples ones too. Agisthos, the man who stole Agamemnons wife and killed him, was sent a message from Zeus by Hermes, giving him the cultivation of what will happen if he kills him. Also, Menelaus, the red haired king of war, had to wrestle with a sea-god in order to gain acceptance and sail all the sort back to his homeland of Sparta, and find news about the rest of his companions. He would not find out about his brothers demise until he got home.The next dickens themes are interelated, Betrayal and Revenge, with Greed and Glutony.THe gods punish those who show greed and glutony, but that does not mean that they cannot be punished as well. A prime ensample of this is when Posiedon is out feasting among the sun-burnt races that were deemed to be his own. While he was feasting, Odysseus escaped the island of Kalypso, something that Poseidon did not like and was to late to stop from happening. While he was being gluttanos and eating all that food, Odysseus had escaped. Another example would be the murder of Agamemnon. Agisthos was greedy and wanted money and status, as well as Agamemnons wife and Agamemnons wife betrayed Agamemnon when she went off with him and even to a greater extent so when they both killed him. However, the theme of Betrayal is often closely followed by the theme of Revenge. Agamemnons son, Orestes, would go back and avenge his fathers death, killing Agisthos and his mother even though later on in greek mythology he knew he would be punished for killing her.

The Downfall and Destruction of a King in the Play, Oedipus the King :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Downfall of a King in the Play, Oedipus the King I found the tragedy of Oedipus the King to be quite interesting. It was not as surd to read as an epic. The purpose of tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear and thus to produce in the audience a catharsis of these emotions. (p488, A vade mecum of Literature) A tragedy has more drama and builds to the climax. Oedipus fate was set into motion by the circumstances he created himself because of his own rashness and arrogance. This is called an inciting incident. He is headstrong and whacky (in not questioning Polybus and Merope in more detail or pursuing his original question with the Delphic oracle). (Duke)For instance, Oedipus could have asked these questions (1) How was King Laius killed and where? (2) Who are my real parents? He would not have married his mother and had children with her. He would have become King of Corinth. Jocasta would not have hung herself. Oedipus would not have blinded himself. The city woul d not have been plagued because Laius killer had not been punished.In todays society Oedipus would not have gotten away with strike. That was very different in the Greek society murder was viewed as making someone a hero and more powerful. Although, if one had too much pride that was a sin. How can someone get away with murder and not be affected by it? He killed Laius in cold blood and that is all there is to it.However, this is how the overall plot of the play evolved. When the play opens, the city of Thebes is wasting away under a plague that leaves its fields and women barren. Oedipus, the king of Thebes, has sent his brother-in-law, Creon, to ask the house of Apollo to ask the oracle how to put an end to the plague. Creon returns, attitude good news once the killer of the previous king, Laius, is found, Thebes impart be cured of the plague (Laius was Jocastas husband before she married Oedipus). Hearing this, Oedipus swears he will find the murderer and banish him. He asks C reon some questions where was Laius murdered? did anyone see the crime? how many men killed him? Creon answers Laius was killed outside the city by a theme of robbers, and the only witness was a shepherd who still lives nearby.

Essay examples --

Test without TortureRemember that pig or salientian you dissected in the 8th grade? You were probably either completely fascinated by it, extremely repulsed, or just indifferent. Nevertheless, the point was to help you larn about the scientific method as well as getting a hands-on experience in learning about a topic. Dissecting an physical was supposed to help the students with discovering information on their own. However, if this lab is done every year at hundreds of schools, the amount of wasted and discarded animals can add up to millions all for a middle school experiment. In a way, scientists approach the matter of testing on animals in a similar method. It allows for the discovery of advanced information to help humans progress in life.The subject of animal testing is a controversial topic that is deeply divided among the ethics and practicality of the practice. Scientists in general favor animal testing because it allows for the advancement in medicines and treatments, while animal rights activists question the ethics of testing on animals. When we ar sick, we take antibiotics in hopes of getting better. However, there must be a way to ensure that the antibiotic is safe to take in the first place. Health is always an issue and is not about to go away any time soon. It affects not only the human population, but the entire world as well. New diseases and conditions are evermore appearing and in return, doctors and scientists must find a way to counteract these illnesses. Is testing on animals worth the discovery of a new treatment or medication?Without the use of animals for research, we may not have the luxury of vaccines, organ transplants, antiseptic surgery, or treatment for diseases. On the other hand, there is also the aspe... ...ates are inevitable. Is it ever okay for animals to suffer? Would you ever wish excruciating physical pain even on your worst enemy? If your answer is no, then wherefore do we to it to innocent animals?With the new advancements in technology, it is unnecessary to continue exploiting animals in experiments. Computer programs have developed more accurate results on the effect of products on humans than animals have. While millions of animals must be used every year to test a single chemical, updated technology completely eliminates the need for animal testing. This is a great deal more practical economy-wise as well as morally so. We as humans have a duty to preserve the rights of animals and come to the rescue when they are violated. Although the transformation from using live animals to digital computers may be lengthy, taking action is still progressing in the right direction.

Gender Role In Social Construction Essay -- Gender Socialization Sex E

Gender Role In Social ConstructionWorks Cited MissingEvery hotshots life is affected by complaisant construction. This is the belief that knowledge is determined by society, and in turn (knowledge) is formed by the individuals that belong to the society. When an individual thinks of a doctor, lawyer, priest, engineer, or manager they usually witness males. While nurses, teachers, and housewives (emphasis on wives) are purely female professions in our society. This is social constructionist thought on what role a male/female should play in todays society. These may not be the professions of choice for the individuals, but what the individual believes is socially acceptable. Most of the behavior associated with gender is learned rather than unconditional(Chandler 5). People begin to learn what is right and wrong (according to the community) from the earliest of ages. The media contributes to social construction, as women and men are almost always portrayed in a stereotypical manner. By examining the way the media is presented, superstar can see the impact of social constructionist thought.The impact that media can apply varies from society to society, this is because each society obliges to a different social construction. In European countries nudity can be shown on television, and is perfectly acceptable. For example, in the NetherlandsGovernments support massive, consistent, long-term public education campaigns utilizing television, films, radio, billboards, discos, pharmacies, and wellness care providers. Media is a partner, not a problem, in these campaigns. Sexually explicit campaigns arouse little concern.(Love 2)In this community the openness towards sexuality is not only acceptable, but is the standard set by the society. In the United States however, displaying sexuality is not acceptable. Kirby Anderson states that what children see on television encourages them to take part in sexual activity too soon, to show disrespect for their parents, and to lie and engage in aggressive behavior(4). The American society believes that displaying sexually explicit circumscribe pressures the viewers into preforming sinful acts. These acts include anything from using foul language to premarital sex. By comparing the views of these two cultures it is easy to see how knowledge in one society may not be considered knowledge in another society... ... 100 ads based on sex appeal contained at least one near-naked woman (England, McBride and Peirce 5). This overwhelming majority just adds to the fact that society believes that women should be compliant and submissive. To advertisers these findings may seem trivial. What does it matter if most ads associate men with subordination and females as secondary? Or perhaps advertisers believe that complying with society is the only way to sell products.The clothes we wear, jobs we hold, and roles in society are all partly determined by social construction. Although each society contains a different so cial construction, the theories themself are presented in the same manner. The mass media is one of the largest social constructs that stigma up a community, and therefore effects the audience greatly. Movies, television, and advertisements render women as weak and inferior while men are depicted as the blue-ribbon(prenominal) leaders of society. According to Doctor William Rouster ...knowledge is based on what a certain society says it is...(1). The media is built from what society believes to be true. With this in mind maybe it is the society, not the media, that requires a change.

then who do we believe? Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Ultimate DilemaThere ar several(prenominal)(prenominal) safety precautions that we as humans clear to ensure our safety. Humans most commonly test things before selling or using them. This can avoid liability and make sure products argon safe. Cosmetics are among the many types of products that are being tested such as fragrances, toiletries, and augmentatives that are tested on millions of animals each year. This has created several controversies between animal in effect(p)s activists and enhancive manufacturers. Especially in the European Union Council of Ministers where they want to ban animal testing as soon as they can develop enough alternatives (Milmo, 6). This is because several animals are used in experimentations to test if products are safe for us to use. Tests like the Draize Irritancy and Skin Tests, where products are put in the eyes of rabbits to test irritations, and the LD50, where several animals are exposed to a chemical are considered ways of torture. Bu t luckily several corporations are discovering new and reliable ways to replace animals with cognition and technology to serve reduce the amount of animals used. So because testing on animals are absolutely necessary for our safety, as consumers, we do not have the right to use animals in this type of manner, but we should reduce the amount of tests by replacing many with alternatives. Although this seems wrong, it is the ultimate necessity for human safety in cosmetic use. Animals have been used in cosmetic safety testing primarily because they share similarities to humans. They are quick and easy to use because they live short lives and are easily accessible. Most animals are raised only for testing, and experimentation is really all that they know. So they really are not taken out of their inborn habitat for testing. Testing has been so important to corporations because they are trying to avoid being branded as unsafe. Testing also has been so important that they help avoid li ability lawsuits and bad publicity from unsafe products (Hunter, 30). It all started in 1933 when a woman wanted to thicken her eyelashes. But after applying the dye to her lashes and unintentionally to her eyes, she suffered for about three months. This woman, that the Federal Drug Administration calls Mrs. Brown, eventually went blind. Congress then passe... ...re are so many alternatives available now thither really should not be a reason why a corporation would not reduce the amount of animals used. The newer techniques offer chances to obtain data faster, less(prenominal) expensively, and more humanely (Hunter, 26). Works CitedAnthes, Gary H. P&G Uses Data Mining to Cut Animal Testing. Computer World 33 (1999) 44-45.Finsen, Lawrence, Susan Finsen. The Animal Movement in America From Compassion to Respect. New York Twayne, 1994.Fox, Michael Allen. The Case For Animal Experimentation An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. London University of California Press Ltd., 1986.Hunte r, Beatrice Trum. New Alternatives in Safety Testing. Consumer explore Magazine 83(2002) 26- 30.McCoy, J.J. Animals in Research Issues and Conflicts. New York Franklin Watts, Inc., 1993.Milmo, Sean. Ultimate Showdown Looms For Animal Tested Cosmetics. Chemical MarketReporter 261 (2001) 6, 28.Planet for the Taking serial publication Ultimate Slavery Dir. Nancy Archibald. Film Incorporated..

then who do we believe? Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Ultimate DilemaThere are several safety precautions that we as humans take to ensure our safety. Humans most normally raise things before selling or using them. This can avoid liability and make sure products are safe. Cosmetics are among the many types of products that are cosmos tested such as fragrances, toiletries, and decoratives that are tested on millions of animals each year. This has created several controversies between animal rights activists and cosmetic manufacturers. Especially in the European Federal Council of Ministers where they want to ban animal testing as soon as they can develop enough alternatives (Milmo, 6). This is because several animals are used in experimentations to test if products are safe for us to use. Tests like the Draize Irritancy and Skin Tests, where products are put in the eyes of rabbits to test irritations, and the LD50, where several animals are exposed to a chemical are considered ways of torture. But luckily several corporations a re discovering new and reliable ways to replace animals with science and technology to help reduce the measuring of animals used. So because testing on animals are absolutely necessary for our safety, as consumers, we do not have the right to use animals in this type of manner, exclusively we should reduce the amount of tests by replacing many with alternatives. Although this seems wrong, it is the ultimate necessity for human safety in cosmetic use. Animals have been used in cosmetic safety testing primarily because they share similarities to humans. They are quick and easy to use because they live short lives and are easily accessible. Most animals are elevated only for testing, and experimentation is really all that they know. So they really are not taken out of their natural habitat for testing. Testing has been so authorised to corporations because they are trying to avoid being branded as unsafe. Testing also has been so important that they help avoid liability lawsuits an d bad forwarding from unsafe products (Hunter, 30). It all started in 1933 when a woman wanted to thicken her eyelashes. But after applying the dye to her lashes and accidentally to her eyes, she suffered for about three months. This woman, that the Federal drug Administration calls Mrs. Brown, eventually went blind. Congress then passe... ...re are so many alternatives available now there really should not be a reason why a corporation would not reduce the amount of animals used. The newer techniques offer chances to obtain data faster, less expensively, and more humanely (Hunter, 26). Works CitedAnthes, Gary H. P&G Uses Data Mining to Cut Animal Testing. Computer World 33 (1999) 44-45.Finsen, Lawrence, Susan Finsen. The Animal Movement in America From Compassion to Respect. New York Twayne, 1994.Fox, Michael Allen. The causal agency For Animal Experimentation An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. London University of California Press Ltd., 1986.Hunter, Beatrice Trum. New Al ternatives in Safety Testing. Consumer enquiry Magazine 83(2002) 26- 30.McCoy, J.J. Animals in Research Issues and Conflicts. New York Franklin Watts, Inc., 1993.Milmo, Sean. Ultimate Showdown Looms For Animal Tested Cosmetics. Chemical MarketReporter 261 (2001) 6, 28.Planet for the Taking Series Ultimate Slavery Dir. Nancy Archibald. Film Incorporated..

Admission Essay for Michigan State University

I pay back been raised to believe that a tertiary education is not merely a way to assure that one is open to get a decent job ulterior in life-time. My father, stain Shook, told me once that aside from the stability a degree could offer in the future we should desire to learn for knowledge sake. I believe that the Michigan relegate University shares such ideals.Your prestigious academe renders an education that aims to produce not only skilled graduates but individuals who are able to emerge themselves in diversity, guided by values and an open mind.MSU life would be grand, as I write this essay hoping for your favorable response, I imagine myself sharing the life I father come to know in Grosse Pointe but at the same time becoming a sponge learner to my educators and my peers. Our family is by community standards not as affluent as the majority that resides in the area. Nonetheless I have learned to deal with different kinds of individuals, forging friendships and socializi ng through with(predicate) my part-time job.My passing localized perspective would, in my opinion, find a place within MSU cultural discourse. Yes, to be honest it may not as exciting as the different lives and input opposites may give me and this I would be honest about. However, as of the moment a part of me is a canvas, from which others would be more than meet to paint their declare stories. My mind is raw with ideas and questions beyond what I have come to know, and this is part of what I am hoping that MSU would accept and find as a worthy contribution.I am not culturally exposed in the most sophisticated sense of the word I had hoped and still hoping that I would be able to have the chance now. I have a piece of my life that I could share with your academic community. I could tell you all what it is like to be a Grosse Point girl. I could guarantee that even though we are considerably a small city and my family the average sort I have taken every opportunity there is to culturally connect with others. I love music there are no words to describe how powerful it has been in my life.It has allowed me my own personal space when in doubt of what life offers but more importantly it gave me the chance to appreciate the cultures of other people other than the one I have become accustomed with. I am hoping that I would, if you give me the chance, become a link of a culturally respective(a) chain that composes your academe. As part of my job, I mingle with customers initially I saw this as merely part of my job description however later on it has become an important part of my day.Each person that enters the doors of the shop I work in has something to share. Those who talk had taught me to be a fair listener, and a good absorber of thoughts. At sixteen, a lot of strangers have touched my life. Those who come in and tell me bits of their stories would often allow me a glimpse of where they are coming from. much importantly I am able to be an instrument f or them to express their lives, to take pride in their experiences, or to rant of how at times life for them is difficult.There are those who come to buy their orders and leave, there are those who enter frowning and you know that a smile or two could really let them cheer up. It sometimes amazes me when average people are able to teach in fifteen minutes of you serving them the pangs of existing in the status quo. I literally cut through borders, a listener but also one who knows when to speak up and share her thoughts. In as much as I may be able a student waiting to be a collage of cultural identities I also bring to the table my change share of experiences.At times there is no point in trying to portray the grandiose of lives what matters is how true the person is. I have asked some of my peers of how they had answered their own admission essays and some of them have opted to butter things up. I however, despite possible comments am satisfied with telling MSU who I am, what I can become through the said academe. I am a fresh mind, where hues are waiting to be fused, I welcome diversity as part of my holistic information as a person, and hopefully others share the same optimism.

Impact of Social Advertising in India Essay

neighborly publicize is the first form of advertising that consistently leverages historically offline dynamics, such as peer-pressure, friend recommendations, and separate forms of social influence. Social media has the power to transform a campaign into a religion. Social Advertising is the media pass designed to educate or motivate the Indians to engage in voluntarily social activities. Social media has great potential to influence all corners of the web. It provokes the advertisement reusable for the readers and alike satisfies the advertisers effectively by reaching the public. This paper explores the feign of social Advertising in India by extracting the data from the public preferences on Social ads. From the imperturbable data, it has been concluded that social ads in India has made incredible aw arness and attracted the public towards it. This suggests that social advertising has a positive impact in India. Keywords Media Message, Social Advertisement, popular pr eferences, Positive Impact.INTRODUCTIONSocial Advertising deals with the matters of public interest such as social change, political ideas, economic policies, developmental programmes etc. It is also cognize as Public Service Advertising or Social Advertising. It promotes the communitys health and well being by ensuring the ads that educate wad and create awarness about drugs, diseases and other social prime issues in the country. It is otherwise called as non-product advertising also. It means advertising various ideas which are not set outly for the promotion or sell of the products or commercial swear outs. Advertisements has become important in todays current scenario as an indicators for social and economic progress. They enhance the direction of change in our values. In fact, a country without advertisements is inconceivable.Advertising is a medium of push-down stack education and therefore the role it plays should be taken seriously. Advertisers sponsor through and thr ough cultural, social, sports or other activities or organized programmes related to health, hygiene or education including literacy by free distribution of booklets or other reading material. Free health check up camps also organized in villages by big industries or public sectors. Advertising is made by the advertisers in newspapers, on bill boards, and in the form of short advertisements on television.It creates a awareness about the democratic right of a common man. Social Advertisements operates the corporate social responsibility. The big advertising agencies which are awarded for social services also create advertisement and produce by themselves. It also produce for the establishment and their own organization with no profit and no loss basis. Thus, the advertisers in India started to contribute to the development and welfare of the society, but still it has to develop in a long way. Advertising ideas, such as, reduce traffic congestion, improve health, con dole out natural resources, plan families, educate girls, increase marriage age etc. serve basic social and economic needs.In India social advertising is in infancy stage. The social and economic welfare of a nation can be mainly attained when harmonious effort of Advertising is reached to the citizens by visualizing them the beneficiary and urge about the social ads. The image of ads are promoted in the public service advertising. Certain campaigns are arranged to promote the Social advertising in India. In India, the social ads are enhanced by popular celebrities. The people in hobnailed areas get attracted more through the ads. They willingly engage these ads in their life and attain get ahead out of it. For instance, Amitabh Bachchan come for polio immunisation ads.By viewing this more families take interest in it. According to the AdEx report of 2007, it was found that many of the social ads are promoted by Amitabh Bachchan mainly concentrating on the wellness Awareness. Advertising agencies get to stated that organisations which are heavily contributing in social advertising, spend minimum of 5 crores in print Advertising. The non-metro city newspapers garnering 56 per cent of the overall social ads. Government organisations as well as NGOs have increased the expenses by 30 per cent over the buy the farm ten years owing to the growing economy.This ads create a huge impact on the mass audiences of India. For example, the Tata Tea Jaago re campaign which was aimed at fashioning people aware about exercising right to vote was well received by viewers. In the commercial industry, they talks about individuals needing to broaden with ever-changing times. It shows two friends sitting in a restraunt and one of them tells the other friend to have a look at the gay couple on the other table. So his friend picks up a rolled newspaper and taps him on his head and continues to have his lunch. A punch line then prop up saying it is time to open our minds. The above few ads cre ates awareness to both literate and illiterate citizens in India.REVIEW OF LITERATUREA survey literature can be interpreted as review of an abstract accomplishment. Different authors have pointed out their view of social advertising. It will analyze with the present condition of social advertising. The literature will be in the form of thesis, researchers, academic studies. Srivastava, Vibhava Nandan, Tanuj (Jan-Mar 2010) states that advertising plays a significant role in the society. It is stated that it is wrong if the norms and values changes payable to the advertising. Ciochetto, L (Nov 2009) describes that before the printing advertising was dominating the industry. But now the social advertising has been dominated by foreign companies and the ads have become more indianised and customized.This has changed the life of middle group and also the rural citizens. The strategy adopted have changed the social and cultural changes. Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar (2010) describes the ef fectiveness of advertising globally and it also says whether the age, gender, education, religion. The study was made among 1000 respondents. It is limited to India and SARC countries. In overall it says about the persuasion of people for advertsing. Stelios C. Zyglidopoulos Craig E. Carroll Andreas Georgiadis describes about the impact of media trouble on a firms CSR strengths and weaknesses.Drawing on social and organizational identity and stakeholder theory literatures, we develop and test two hypotheses concerning the influence that media attention has on these aspects of CSR. We commence that increases in media attention are associated with increases in CSR strengths, but not with CSR weaknesses. Anita Pansari( February 19, 2011 ) has finded that women are dependent in India. They are used for the television ads. Finally she concluded by saying that Asian countries curtural values are not changed like the other nation. Hence Ansian womens are different from the parts of the w orld.Eric A. Feldman Ronald Bayer (Dec 2011) states that the tobacco consumption is detrimental to health. Through advertising the rate of tobacco consumption has reduced in the developed countries. Likewise in India also it will have an positive impact on social advertising. Agarwal.A (july 1995) enhance about the awareness of health care social ads in the region of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh for nearly 28 villages. This study has founded that the exposure of mass media may not be suited without formal and informal systems in the community which can promote health hazards in rural India. Vaidya, S.G., Vaidya, J.S., Naik, U.D (Sep 1999) has evaluated and finded that due to the advertisement for Wills during the series of match had created a negative impact on the youngsters.The ads should not spoil the young lives which may become a major drawback in the futurity in India. Goenka, S.a, Prabhakaran, D.a, Ajay, V.S.a, Reddy, K.S.b (Aug 2009) describes about the cardiovas cular disease and it can affect the population. This can be reduced bt avoiding tobacco . The comprehensive measures for effective prevention of CVD in India are national health imperatives which require multisectoral, multi-level and multi-disciplinary co-ordination and action.CONCLUSIONSocial Advertising in India has been growing and it has a greater positive impact on it. It helps all the communities people, rural or urban citizens to attain a worth and useful messages for their better way of living without harmful. It is applicable for both the environment in which the people belongs to and also to the society. Advertising creates awareness to the younger generations who may spoil their lives without knowing the importance of it. The social utility of advertising is to inform society of the existence of products and services which may (or may not) improve the lives of the individuals within that society. Consumers are gaining control over the advertisers, so the advertising comp anies need to change their strategies.Now regarding the present issue of Assam, it has been stated that due to social network and ads, the information passes very easily to everybody from which they take advantage to misuse it. This may be an disadvantage of social advertising. Social Advertising helps through its network by connecting the people in India. From the study we wanted to conclude that nearly 20% of demerits is there in social advertising and 80% benefit we people attain from it. Hence, In India it has a greater positive impact on Social AdvertisingREFERENCESCiochetto, L (November 2009) Advertising in contemporary Indias rapidly changing media environment Media International Australia Issue 133, Pages 120-129 College of Creative Arts Massey University, New Zealand. Srivastava, Vibhava Nandan, Tanuj (Jan-Mar 2010) 61-69 A Study of Perceptions in Society Regarding Unethical Practices in Advertising South Asian Journal of Management 17.1. Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar (2010) Ef fectiveness of global advertisement on culture of India an emerging market International Journal of Emerging Markets 5.1 102-113. Stelios C. Zyglidopoulos Craig E. Carroll Andreas Georgiadis( October 24, 2010) Does Media attention drive corporate social responsibility University of Cambridge Judge Business School University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill London School of Economics & semipolitical Science (LSE). Anita Pansari( February 19, 2011 ) A Comparative Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Indian Television Advertisement 1980-2009 Icfai Business School. Eric A. Feldman Ronald Bayer (Dec 2011) The Triumph and Tragedy of baccy Control A Tale of Nine Nations Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 7, pp. 79-100, 2011.Agarwal.A (July 1995) Psychology and developing societies Mass media and health promotion in Indian villages Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 217-236. Vaidya, S.G., Vaidya, J.S., Naik, U.D(Sep 1999) Sports sponsorship by cigarette companies influence s the adolescent childrens mind and helps initiate smoking results of a national study in India. National composition for Tobacco Eradication (NOTE), India Journal of the Indian Medical Association Volume 97, Issue 9, Pages 354-356, 359. Goenka, S.a,Prabhakaran, D.a, Ajay, V.S.a, Reddy, K.S.b (Aug 2009) Preventing cardiovascular disease in India-translating evidence to action a) Initiative for Cardiovascular, health Research in the Developing Countries, New Delhi 110 016, India.b) Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110 016, India Volume 97, Issue 3, Pages 367-377.

War on Coal

War on Coal President Obama is responsible inherently for the clo confident(predicate) of that mine and the loses of these jobs, Robert Murray CEO of Murray Energy Corporation told CNN subsequently 239 men were laid off because an Ohio mine had unsympathetic. The current warfargon on char is not one of adept and fair reasons. Coal has several validating benefits that greatly outweigh the negative environmental effects that some say it causes. The main benefit of ember is the hundreds of thousands it employs annually. However, with the strict regulations being put on sear mines these days the tradition of coal mining may be one our children will never know.It is our responsibility as Americans to beat the Obama disposal and win the war on coal. Coal was first found in America in 1742 in what is now Boone County, West Virginia. Since then mining it has been a job that employs thousands and those thousands go int get near the praise they deserve. Every time the man-trip goes u nder, the people on it risk their lives to provide us with the main source for energy and heat. The ouzel Travis lyricWhere the dangers are double and the troubles are few completely captures the atmosphere of a coal mine.Slag falls, explosions, fires, and above all cave ins and roof falls are just a few of the dangers miners face every day, yet people still feel the need to condemn these men for the job they do. The Obama administration could administer less about the galore(postnominal) jobs they are doing away with from the coal assiduity. The many regulations the he (President Obama), and his radical appointees and the U. S. EPA haves put on the use of coal have closed 175 power plants (Murray 2). Assume those 175 power plants employed 100 men that is 17,500 people who are out of work.How can Obama say he is for the work class when he is taking the working classs jobs? Josh Mandel, Ohio state treasurer told Congress I think the Obama administration should be embarrassed f or putting middle class coal miners out of work across the commonwealth. Coal miners and their families live in some of the poorest areas of the country and the Obama war on coal is killing jobs in the parts of America that can least afford it. . Mandel is right. Obama and his administration are killing jobs and small mining towns all across the country and it must be stopped before they are gone.While running in his 2008 campaign, Obama told the San Francisco Chronicle that the notion of no coalis an illusion, simply he added that he favored the Cap and Trade system. He then went on to say so if someone wants to build a coal powered plant, its just that it will bankrupt them because they are going to be charged a huge sum for all the greenhouse gas that is being emitted(Trinko 3) This statement sounds deal someone who wasnt in the slightest bit worried about the 385,105 miners who were directly employed by coal at the time. Trinko 2) this number didnt include motor motortruck d rivers, mine inspectors, power plant workers, railroad workers, or and other jobs that are affected by the coal industry. The Obama Administration has done everything it can possibly do to destroy the American coal industry. We have gone from producing 1. 2 billion tons of coal a year to producing somewhere in the neighborhood of 800 trillion tons (Trinko 3). It is disingenuous at best for Obama to say he supports the coal industry when we have lost about one third of our production.Joe Biden told gist. com that he didnt see much of a role for clean energy in America, but then added that he wanted to help China clean their coal plants (Trinko 3). For the past 4 years, Obama and his administration have tried to end coal in America and it is time we take it back. Ryan Williams, Mitt Romanys spokesman express Obama has waged a war on coal that has devastated the middle class and American Workers This is completely true. No, coal is not the way of life in Washington, D.C, but if the O bama Administration would look at the big picture, they would see that in America as a whole country, coal is a way of life in many states. Some of these states are Colorado, Wyoming, and every state in Appalachia. As election time draws near, the Romney Campaign is looking for ways to appeal to the coal miners, coal truck drivers, railroad workers, and others affected by the coal industry. it is a narrow group of voters youre looking at, but in those areas it is a big deal because it affects entire communities.It really is their whole livelihood. People who work in the coal industry and their family and friends will become single-issue voters this year, says Kristen Kukowski, secretary for the Republican National Committee. She is right. The coal industry is a livelihood, and had been bringing people together for centuries. Coal towns stick together, so if Romney gets in good with one small coal town, other towns are sure to follow. His approach to attract miners has had a positive effect and will continue to do so as long as Obama pushes his strict regulations.Jason Hayes, communications managing director for the American Coal Council says the industry over the past few decades had invested over $100 billion in cleaning up emissions and its already been effective. any of the important noxious pollutants have decreased markedly over the last 30 to 40 years. Weve been doing all of this on top of dealing with everything else. Coal may not be green, but it is a source of energy American needs. It is cheap and efficient. Without coal, America wouldnt be anywhere near where it is today. The coal exploit here isnt just used for energy.Americas coal makes steel. Steel is used for thousands of things. If coal is gone, not only will our electric and heat bills increase, but the price of steel with be outrageous. The environmental benefits that were hearing about are questionable, but the job losses are real and they are calamity to thousands right now Hayes adds. It is up to us to change the way things in America are going. This is our country, Not Washingtons. So in the 2012 presidential Election, vote for the working class, vote for coal, vote for Romney You could be the one vote it takes to make coal win.

Philippine Literature Essay

literary productions 1. Literature is the art of written ricks, and is not chute to create sources. The word literature means acquaintance with letters. The two most basic written literary categories include fiction and non fiction. a) Etymology- late 14c. , from L. lit(t)eratura learning, authorship, grammar, sooner writing formed with letters, from lit(t)era letter. Originally book learning (it replaced O. E. boccr?ft), the meaning literary production or work is scratch line attested 1779 in Johnsons Lives of the English Poets (he didnt include this definition in his dictionary, however) that of body of writings from a period or people is first record 1812. b) Types * An epic is a elongated narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events signifi ceaset to a culture or nation. * Lyric verse is a form of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings.In the ancient world, lyric poems were meant to be played to th e lyre. Lyric poems do not defy to rhyme, and today do not need to be set to music or a beat. * Drama is the specific mode of fiction stand for in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action , which is derived from to do. * Romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was best-selling(predicate) in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe.* Satire is primarily a literary genre or form, although in practice it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts in which vices, follies, abuses, and gypcomings ar held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, and society itself, into improvement. * Comedy is either humorous discourse intended to amuse, in television, film, and stand-up comedy. * Tragedy is a form of art base on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. 2. literary Forms based on Philippine Historical termination a) Ancient Literature of Folk Literatur e.Comp atomic number 18d to some other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines has very few artifacts that show say of writing. It is completen that the Filipinos transferred in ecesis by word of mouth so it is not a surprise to know that literacy only became general in 1571 when the Spaniards came to the Philippines. But the untimely script used by the Filipinos called Baybayin or Alibata became widespread in Luzon. The Spaniards recorded that people in manila paper and other places wrote on bamboo or on discloseicularly prepared palm leaves, using knives and styli.They used the ancient Tagalog script which had 17 basic symbolisations, three of which were the vowels a/e, i, and o/u. Each basic consonantal symbol had the inherent a sound ka, ga, nga, ta, da, na, pa, ba, ma, ya, la, wa, sa, and ha. A diacritical mark, called kudlit, modified the sound of the symbol into various vowel sounds. The kudlit could be a dot, a short line, or even an arrowhead. When placed above the symbol, it changed the inherent sound of the symbol from a/e to i placed below, the sound became o/u.Thus a ba/be with a kudlit placed above became a bi if the kudlit was placed below, the symbol became a bo/bu. Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists, we are able to know more and better judge information about Philippine pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about former(a) Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past. Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase the Philippines rich past through their phratry sayings, class songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances.The most seminal of these folk sayings is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilonggo and patototdon in Bicol. There are also proverbs or aphorisms that express norms or codes of behavior, union beliefs or values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming ver se. The folk song, is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the peoples lifestyles as puff up as their sleep withs. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive as in the childrens songs or Ida-ida (Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag).A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili (Ilonggo) love songs like the panawagon and balitao (Ilonggo) harana or serenade (Cebuano) the bayok (Maranao) the seven-syllable per line poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about human relationships, social entertainment and also serve as tools for teaching the young work songs that depict the livelihood of the people often sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog rowing song), the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-pounding song, and the verbal jousts/games like the duplo popular during wakes.The folk narratives, such as epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. They were creat ed to explain the phenomena of the world long before science came to be known. They explain how the world was created, how certain animals make certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of legends, the origins of things. Fables are about animals and these teach moral lessons. The epics come in various names Guman (Subanon) Darangen (Maranao) Hudhud (Ifugao) and Ulahingan (Manobo).These epics revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds and they embody or validate the beliefs and customs and ideals of a community. They are performed during feasts and supernumerary occasions such as harvests, weddings or funerals by chanters. Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano) Hinilawod (Sulod) Kudaman (Palawan) Darangen (Maranao) Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo) Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from TuwaangManobo) Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon) and Tudbulol (Tboli).b) Philipp ine Literature under Spanish Period The arrival of the Spaniards in 1565 brought Spanish culture and lyric. The Spanish conquerors, governing from Mexico for the crown of Spain, established a strict class system that was based on festinate and soon imposed Roman Catholicism on the native population. While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contri anded a good deal in the shaping and recording of our literature.Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to know as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. The natives, called indio, generally were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in the Roman script in the Tagalog language. Literature from this period may be classified as religious prose and poe try and secular prose and poetry.Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Another type of religious lyrics is the meditative verse like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms. It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme although a number are written in octo-syllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter. Secular works appeared alongside historical and economical changes, the emergence of an opulent class and the middle class who could avail of a European education.This Filipino elite could now read printed works that used to be the exclusive domain of the missionaries. The most notable of the secular lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition the languishing but loyal lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. whatever secular poets who wrote in this same tradition were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes and Rafael Gandioco. Another popular type of secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in Tagalog.The awit is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains while the korido is in octosyllabic quatrains. An example of this is the Ibong Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, Ilonggo, Pampango, Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre reached newborn senior high school in Balagtass Florante at Laura (ca. 1838-1861), the most famous of the countrys metrical romances. Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. Filipino intellectuals better in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the downside of colonization.This, coupled with the simmering calls for reforms by the masses inspired a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. This led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political essays and Rizals two political freshs, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher in the Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at the same time planted the seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos.But before Rizals political novels came, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno, which was for the most part cultural and is considered the first Filipino novel. Although Paternos Ninay gave pulsation to other novelists like Jesus Balmori and Antonio M. Abad to continue writing in Spanish, their efforts did not flourish. Other Filipino writers published the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro M.Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enr ique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who mastered the prosa romantica or romantic prose. c) coetaneous Literary Forms * Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. * A novel is a book of long narrative in literary prose. * Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance.1 The term comes from a Greek word meaning action, which is derived from to do. * A short allegory is a work of fiction that is unremarkably written in prose, often in narrative format. * A novella is a written, fictional, prose narrative longer than a novelette but shorter than a novel. 3. various(a) Geographical Regions and Historical Periods and Literary Genre a) Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, and Cordillera Administrative Regions Pre-colonial Iloko literature were composed of folk songs, riddles, proverbs, lamentations called dung-aw, and epic stories in written or oral form.Ancie nt Ilokano poets explicit themselves in folk and war songs as well as the dallot, an improvized, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in a sing-song manner. During the Spanish regime, Iloko poetry was generally patterned after Spanish models. In fact, the early known written Iloko poems were the romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez, an Augustinian friar who, in 1621, published his own Iloko rendering of the Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko.A study of Iloko poetry could be found in the Gramatica Ilokana, published in 1895, based on Lopezs Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before 1606. Some Iloko writers credit Pedro Bucaneg, who collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the Doctrina into Iloko, for having been the first known Ilokano poet, and as the Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature. Bucaneg, blind since childhood, powered the popular epic known as Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang) written in the 17th century.The earliest written form of the epic poem was given by Fr. Gerardo Blanco to Isabelo de los Reyes, who published it in El Ilocano from December 1889 to February 1890, with Spanish translation in prose, and also reprinted it in his El Folklore Filipino, under the title Vida de Lam-ang. Iloko literature developed in mevery ways. During the 18th century, the missionaries used religious as well as secular literatures among other means to advance their mission of converting the Ilokanos to Christianity.The century also saw the publication of religious works like Fr. Jacinto Riveras Sumario de las Indulgencias in 1719 and the Pasion, a translation of St. Vincent Ferrers sermons into Iloko by Fr. Antonio Mejia in 1845. The 19th century likewise saw the appearance of Leona Florentino, who has since been considered by some as the home(a) Poetess of the Philippines. Her poems which have survived, however, appear to the modern indorser as being too syrupy for comfort, too sentimental to the point of mawkishness, and utterly loose of form.Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas, an Ilokano secular priest who wrote novenas, prayerbooks, catechism, metrical romances, dramas, biographies, a Spanish grammar and an Iloko-Spanish dictionary, was Leona Florentinos contemporary. Isabelo de los Reyes, Leonas son, himself wrote poems, stories, folklore, studies, and seemingly interminable religious as well as political articles. The achievement of both Claudio Fojas and de los Reyes is possibly more significant than the critical referee of Iloko literature today is ready to admit.The comedia, otherwise known as the moro-moro, and the zarzuela were presented for the first time in the Ilocos in the 19th century. The comedia, a highly picturesque innovation of the wars amid Christians and Muslims, and the zarzuela, an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once melodrama, comic-opera, and the skit interminably preoccupied wit h the eternal theme of boy-meets-girl-who-always-live-happily-ever-after-seemingly-impossible-odds are still as popular today as they were when first present in the Ilocos.The comedia was scripted from the corridos like Principe Don Juan, Ari Esteban ken Reyna Hipolita, Doce Paris, Bernardo Carpio, Jaime del Prado. Marcelino Mena Crisologo helped popularize the zarzuela based on the culture and tradition of the Ilokanos particularly those in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. So did Pascual Agcaoili y Guerrero (1880-1958) of Ilocos Norte who wrote and represent Daguiti Agpaspasukmon Basi, and Isaias R. Lazo (1887-1983) of San Vicente, Ilocos Sur who wrote comedia and zarzuela. The year 1892 saw the printing for the first time of the first Iloko novel, written by Fr.Rufino Redondo, an Augustinian friar, titled Matilde de Sinapangan. Another Iloko novel which was written before the end of the 19th century by one Don Quintin Alcid was Ayat, Kaanonto Ngata? (Love, When Shall it Be? ) Arturo Centeno of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, also wrote three novels titled Apay a Di Mangasawa? ( wherefore Doesnt He Get Married? ), Dispensara and Padi a Puraw Wenno Naamo a Kibin (A White Priest or a Good Guide). The 20th century is comparatively more intense in literary activity.Some of the literature in this period are Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales (Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful Revenge) by Mariano Gaerlan (1909) Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan (Improvement Despite Obstacles) by Facundo Madriaga (1911) Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua (Mining or Spiritual Love) by Marcelino Pena Crisologo (1914) Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong dagiti Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga (Sweet and Fresh Flower of a Travellers Dreams) by Marcos E. Millon (1921) Sabsabong ken Lulua (Flowers and Tears) by R. Respicio (1930) Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon? (Why Did They Kill Don Simon? ) first known detective novel in Iloko by Leon C. Pichay (1935) Puso ti Ina (A Mothers Heart) by Leon C. Pichay (1936). When the Ba nnawag magazine, a sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiligaynon, hit the streets on Nov. 3, 1934, Iloko literature reached a headland. Many Ilokanos started to write literary pieces. The early Bannawag short stories showed sustained growth. The short stories written in the 1920s were poor imitations of equally poor American fiction. Early short story writers had practically no literary background in their attempts.The growth of the short story was not apparent until Bannawag resumed publication in 1947. Most of the stories published dealt with themes of war guerrilla activities, Japanese atrocities, murder, pillage and death. By the latter part of the decade, writers of different ages emerged, and from their ranks came stories that were less verbose, tighter,and with more credible characterization than those written previously. While many articles have been written by Ilokanos and non-Ilokanos about the Ilocos Region, few scholarly studies have been conducted.Among these sc holars were Leopoldo Y. Yabes of the University of the Philippines, who do a brief survey of Iloko literature in 1934. His findings showed that Iloko literature began with Pedro Bucaneg. In 1940, Thomas B. Alcid of the University of Santo Tomas do a study on the Iloko prose fiction and discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko novel and their possibilities in Philippine literature. His study showed that the short stories and novels at that time were still young and needed more improvement. In 1954, Mercedes F. Guerrero of the Manuel L.Quezon Educational Institution (now MLQU) made a masteral thesis titled Critical Analysis of the Outstanding Iloco Short Stories Published in the Bannawag from 1948 to 1952. Her findings showed that the Iloko stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs of the Filipino people. In the display of emotions and feelings, the Iloko author has been free or spontaneous in dealing with the life he portrayed. Most often he has been t ender with his characters. He has treated a wide variety of subjects that there is no important place of Filipino life that has not been depicted.There are stories on mere trifling matters as well as their own nation-slaking subjects. These are stories about persons, about animals, about places and about events. Guerrero also found out that the Ilokano author served his society by 1. ) Preserving the ideals, customs and traditions of the people. 2. ) Bringing out the social consciousness of the eraits mood, conflicts, struggles, and rehabilitation. 3. ) Awakening mans sensibilities to the joys, sorrows, loves, hatreds and jealousies of the people. 4.) Casting away sectional sentiments and prejudices and rescue about fuller understanding of the different ethnic groups. A related literature published by Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. in 1967, titled Dallang An Introduction to Philippine Literature in Iloko, discussed the traits and characteristics of the Ilokanos. Of their literature, he stated The Ilokano language is so highly developed as to have produced the greatest number of printed works in any Philippine language, next to Tagalog. Bannawag has played and still plays a study role in the development of Iloko literature.At present, it publishes poems (daniw), short stories (sarita), novels (nobela), essays (salaysay), comics, biographies, folktales and many others including what some call avant garde literary output. It is the only magazine where Ilokano writers hope to publish most of their writings. During the magazines infancy years in the 1930s, most of its contents were translations from the Liwayway magazine save a novel by Hermogenes F. Belen titled Nadaraan a Linnaaw (Blood-stained Dew) which was serialized in 1947. Other writers at that time included Benjamin M. Pascual, David D. Campanano, Godofredo S.Reyes, Benito de Castro, Jose P. Acance, Benjamin Gray, Marcelino A. Foronda,Jr. In the 1960s, poems, short stories and novels published by the Ban nawag became betterin craftsmanship, development of plots and themes, among others. Writers by then, most of whom were college students and professionals, had a bigger library of literary books. To help in the development of the Iloko short story, Bannawag launched a writing contest in 1961. The judges were Prof. Santiago Alcantara of the National University, Prof. Angel C. Anden of the Manuel L. Quezon University, and Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr.of the De La Salle University-Manila. This contest lasted until 1970. One of the judges said the quality of Iloko short stories was free-enterprise(a) with those written in English. Before the martial-law era, most of the poems, stories and novels dwelt on political unrest and protests, like rallies and demonstrations by students, professionals and workers against the government. Ilokano writers have also published their works in orthogonal countries. One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan, a California immigrant born to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan.And currently, the most internationally translated Filipino author is an Ilokano from Rosales, PangasinanFrancisco Sionil Jose, popularly known as F. Sionil Jose. He is famous for his Rosales saga, a five-novel work about an Ilokano clan, virtually documenting Philippine history from Spanish time to the years of the Marcos administration. The novels, translated in about 22 languages, are circulated and read around the world. Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards, the most prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines.These famous winners names include Reynaldo A. Duque, Ricarte Agnes, Aurelio S. Agcaoili, Lorenzo G. Tabin, Jaime M. Agpalo Jr. , Prescillano N. Bermudez, William V. Alvarado, Maria Fres-Felix, Clarito G. Francia, Arnold Pascual Jose, Eden Aquino Alviar, Severino Pablo, Ariel S. Tabag, Daniel L. Nesperos, Roy V. Aragon, Danilo Antalan, Joel B. Manuel and others.b) Central Visayas Region Cebuano literature, as much as most literature of the Philippines, started with fables and legends of pre-colonial Philippines down to the Mexican (New Spain) and Spanish influences. Although existence of a pre-hispanicalwriting system in Luzon is attested, there is little proof that baybayin (sometimes erroneously called alibata) was widespread in the Visayas. Most of the literature produced during was oral.They were documented by the Spanish Jesuit Fr. Ignatio Francisco Alzinal. During Spanish times, the religious theme was predominant. Novenas and gozos, most notably the Bato Balani for the Sto. Nino. The literature during this time was predominantly propagandistic. At this time, the Cebuanos were still seething with resentment at the American betrayal of their hopes and the new colonizers were retaliating with restrictions on the freedom of expressions.The first written Cebuano short story is Maming, by Vicente Sotto, The Fath er of Cebuano Literature. The story was published in the first issue (July 16, 1900) of his Ang Suga. Two years later Sotto wrote, directed, and produced the first Cebuano play, Elena. During the American period, Ang Suga became the forte for publication of Cebuano writers. A community of writers slowly grow, to include the names of Florentino Rallos, Filomeno Veloso, Marcial Velez, Timoteo Castro, Segundo Cinco, Vicente Ranudo, Dionisio Jakosalem, Selestino Rodriguez, Filomeno Roble, Juan Villagonzalo, Leoncio Avila and Filemon Sotto.(Most of these people were recognized for their achievements by the generation right after them, as evidenced by the use of their names for major streets of the City of Cebu, but their role in the furtherance of Cebuano culture is lost to subsequent generations. ) Four typical novels on the love theme written by popular writers during the American period would represent the pre-war writers subconscious but collective efforts in creating a common core of meanings and values in the face of new American culture.These are Felicitas by Uldarico Alviola in 1912, Mahinuklugong Paglubong Kang Alicia (The Sad Burial of Alicia) by Vicente Garces in 1924, Apdo sa Kagul-anan (Bitterness of Sorrow) by Angel Enemecio in 1928-1929, and Ang Tinagoan (The Secret) by Vicente Rama in 1933-1934.While Felicitas and Paglubong assert the value of marital fidelity and Apdo that of feminine chastity, Tinagoan challenges the emergent value that tolerates divorce. Such novels were seen as fictionalized renditions of their writers stand or traditions and practices which were subjected to debate in the school stage and within the pages of periodicals.The pre-war period in the Philippines is sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Vernacular Literature, with the 1930s marking a boundary between two kinds of popular writing the predominantly propagandistic and the more commercialized escapist literature that proliferated since the Commonwealth. In the year 1930, Bisaya Magasin started publishing. In 1936 Cebuano writers started publishing anthologies readers engaged in amateur literary criticism and complaints of plagiarism livened up the weekly news. Periodicals that featured creative writing mushroomed, although most of these were short-lived.The generally considered first feminist Cebuano novel, Lourdes by Gardeopatra G. Quijano was serialized in the period May 26 to September 23, 1939 in Bag-ong Kusog (literary New Force), the most popular pre-war periodical. It has been predicted by no less than the late novelist and Philippine National Artist for Literature N. V. M. Gonzalez that Philippine literature in English will die, leaving the partingal literature (Ilokano, Waray, etc. ). In the case of Cebuano literature, this has been the case. Some of the striking writers and poets in the Visayas and Mindanao who used to write in English have shifted to Cebuano.Among them are Davao-based Macario Tiu, Don Pag-usara, and Satur Apoyon, and Cebu-based Ernesto Lariosa (a Focus Philippines Poetry Awardee in 1975) and Rene Amper (a two-time Palanca awardee for English poetry. These giants of Cebuano literature are now regularly contributing to Bisaya Magasin their shift to Cebuano writing has influenced young Cebu and Mindanao-based writers in English to follow suit (among them are Michael Obenieta, Gerard Pareja, Adonis Durado, Januar Yap, Delora Sales, Cora Almerino and Raul Moldez). In 1991, Cebuano poet Ernesto Lariosa received a grant from the Cultural Center of the Philippines.He used the grant to introduce the 4-s in Cebuano poetry social sense, sound and story. The language he used was slack, devoid of strong metaphors. He used the language of the home and of the streets. Writer-scholar Dr. Erlinda Alburo, director of the Cebuano Studies Center of the University of San Carlos noted in a forum sponsored by the universitys theater order in 2003 that the young writers (those given above) have given a new voice to Cebuano fiction. They have introduced modern writing styles, experimented with the Cebuano language and explored themes which have never been expound before by their predecessors.There are now emerging number of publications featuring fiction and poetry in Cebuano. The ownership of the de-facto literary journal, Bisaya Magasin, was transferred from the Chinese-owned Liwayway Publishing, Inc. to Napoleon Ramas Manila Bulletin Publishing in 2003, ushering a change in layout, acceptance policies, and an increase in contributors fees. Aside from the reinvigoration of Bisaya Magasin, Cebu-based publishing houses have also started tabloids in the language (Banat News of Freeman Publications and SunStar SuperBalita of SunStar Publications).This tabloids have bigger circulation than their English counterparts. There are also unconfirmed reports that Dr. Mel M. Allego, a giant in Cebuano literature, will be locomote from the United States in 2007 and will start his own broadsheet in Ceb uano. The U. P. National Writers Workshop every October and the Iligan National Writers Workshop every summer have reserved slots for Cebuano writers. In every edition of these workshops, there are Cebuano works that are being dissected or discussed by the panelists.In 1998, the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature opened the Cebuano short story category. c) Eastern Visayas Region Modern East Visayan literature, particularly Waray, revolves around poetry and drama produced between the 1900s and the present. The flourishing economy of the region and the appearance of local anesthetic publications starting in 1901 with the publication of An Kaadlawon, the first Waray newspaper, saw the flourishing of poetry in Waray. In Samar, Eco de Samar y Leyte, a long streamlet magazine in the 1900s, published articles and literary works in Spanish, Waray and English.A noteworthy feature of this publication was its poetry section, An Tadtaran, which presented a series of satirical poems that attacked the ever-changing values of the people at the time. Eco likewise published occasional and religious poems. In Leyte, An Lantawan, which has extant copies from 1931 to 1932, printed religious and occasional poetry. It also published satirical poems of Bagong Katipunero, Luro, Datoy Anilod, Marpahol, Vatchoo (Vicente I. de Veyra), Julio Carter (Iluminado Lucente), Ben Tamaka (Eduardo Makabenta), and kalantas (Casiano Trinchera).Under these pseudonyms, poets criticized corrupt government officials, made fun of peoples vices, and attacked local women for adopting modern ways of social behavior.. With the organization of the Sanghiran San Binisaya in 1909, writers as well as the illustrados in the community banded together for the purpose of cultivating the Waray language. Under the leadership of Norberto Romualdez Sr, Sanghirans members had literary luminaries that included Iluminado Lucente, Casiano Trinchera, Eduardo Makabenta, Francisco Alvarado, Juan Ricacho, Francisco Infectana, Espiridion Brillo, and statesman Jaime C.de Veyra. For a time, Sanghiran was responsible for the impetus it gave to new writing in the language. The period 1900 to the late fifties witnessed the finest Waray poems of Casiano Trinchera, Iluminado Lucente, Eduardo Makabenta, and the emergence of the poetry of Agustin El OMora, Pablo Rebadulla, Tomas Gomez Jr. , Filomeno Quimbo Singzon, Pedro Separa, Francisco Aurillo, and Eleuterio Ramoo. Trinchera, Lucente, and Makabenta were particularly at their best when they wrote satirical poetry.The growing acceptance of English as official language in the country strengthened these writers loyalty to the ethnic mother vocabulary as their medium for their art. The publication of Leyte News and The Leader in the twenties, the first local papers in English, brought about the increasing legitimization of English as a medium of communication, the stepwise displacement of Waray and eventual disappearance of its poetry from the pages of local publications. Where local newspapers no longer served as vehicles for written poetry in Waray, the role was assumed by MBCs DYVL and local radio stations in the seventies.Up to the present time, poetry sent to these stations are written mostly by local folk farmers, housewives, lawyers, government clerks, teachers, and students. A common quality of their poetry is that they tend to be occasional, didactic, and traditional in form. The schooled writers in the region, unlike the local folk poets, do not write in Waray nor Filipino. Most of them write in English although lately there has been a romantic return to their ethnic mother tongue as the medium for their poetry. Waray drama was once a fixture of town fiestas.Its writing and presentation were usually commissioned by the hermano mayor as part of festivities to entertain the constituents of the town. Town fiestas in a way sustained the work of the playwright. In recent years, this is no longer the case. If ever a play get s staged nowadays, it is essentially drawn from the pool of plays written earlier in the tradition of the hadi-hadi and the zarzuela. According to Filipinas, an authority on the Waray zarzuela, the earliest zarzuela production involved that of Norberto Romualdez An Pagtabang ni San Miguel, which was staged in Tolosa, Leyte in 1899.The zarzuela as a dramatic form enthralled audiences for its musicality and dramatic action. Among the noteworthy playwrights of this genre were Norberto Romualdez Sr. , Alfonso Cinco, Iluminado Lucente, Emilio Andrada Jr. , Francisco Alvarado, Jesus Ignacio, Margarita Nonato, Pedro Acerden, Pedro Separa, Educardo Hilbano, Moning Fuentes, Virgilio Fuentes, and Agustin El OMora. Of these playwrights, Iluminado Lucente stands out in terms of literary accomplishment. He wrote about thirty plays and mos

Residential car Essay

In this assignment we will establish residential c be as a system of do provide in the Ireland. We will withal discuss how the interpolation may be of support to clients and the varied theoretical approaches used. We will list the pros and cons of residential care and discuss the differences between the Private, Public and Voluntary sectors. Although it is generally in the best interest of the child for him or her to be brought up by their own family, it is non constantly possible as a childs social welfare and safety is paramount to their wellbeing. Residential care is described as care for children who can no longer be cared for by their family in their own home. This may excessively happen in the case of a child who has been abandoned or orphaned. Where parents are unable to cope due to illness or other problems they may agree to their children being taken into the care of the Health Service Executive (HSE.ie). Residential care refers to care that can be provided in a ho me (for children in the care of the HSE) staffed by Care Staff. The home or centre is referred to as a childrens residential centre. Residential care may be provided in a HSE run childrens residential centres. Care may also be provided by voluntary organizations on a not for profit basis. In recent years, organizations also provide residential care for modern throng on a for profit basis.Under the Child Care Act 1991 residential centres have to be registered and inspected by health boards. Centres managed right away by the HSE are inspected by the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI) and those centres in the voluntary sector and contracted to the HSE are inspected by nominated appropriate somebodyal. The recent teaching of the private sector provision of residential centres follows the similar registration and inspection requirements of the voluntary sector. (Lecture notes) The purpose of residential care is to provide a safe, nurturing environment for undivided children and up start pack who cannot live at home or in an alternative family environment. It tugs to meet in a planned way the physical, educational, emotional, spiritual, health and societal involve of each child. This may include working with a young persons Social Worker and other professionals to erect a young person for a successful return home, working with a young persons Social Worker and other professionals to prepare a young person for a successful transition to an agreed placement of choice, working with a young persons Social Worker and other professionals to prepare a young person for asuccessful transition to independent / supported living (Institute of Child Protection Studies) There are many different ways in which residential care can support a child in care.Keyworking is the provision of individualised care for each young person through a named member of the centres staff team. While a key proletarian is not solely responsible for the care of the young person it is their right to co-ordinate and ensure that the team focus is on progressing the young persons care plan and the young persons life in the centre. It is also crucial that the welfare and best interests of resident young people are of paramount consideration in all aspects of the care provided and that the young people in care are provided with an opportunity to feel safe, restore and protected from harm in an environment where they can be sure their primary needs will be met. Childcare act 1991 offers many approaches to meeting the needs of children and their families. Examples of these approaches include emergency care, assessment, short and long term care, respite care also to provide families in difficulty (Child Care Regulations 1996). There are several different theoretical approaches used in residential care. A therapeutic intervention is an intentional interaction(s) or event(s) which is expected to contribute to a positive outcome for a child or young person, which is selected on the basis of his/her identied needs, and which is underpinned by an informed understanding of the potential impact and value of the interaction/event involved (Best Practice Guidelines) Attachment theory is an extremely important example.Where children who are located in the child welfare system have not experienced a secure base with their primary carers it is essential that social care practitioners aim to form this quality of kind with them which is what is meant by the provision of a second chance secure base. A secure base is a relationship within which a child or youth feels safe, nourished both physically and emotionally, where s/he is comforted when distressed, reassured when frightened. Aristotle argued that happiness for humans is not possible in the absence of reciprocal, affective relationships or friendships (Sherman 1991). Such relationships for children are only possible in the context of satisfactory attachments which provide for them a secure base from which to ex plore their environment (Bowlby 1988). Attachment theory emphasises that continuity and sensitive responses to youth in care are key features of the environment of care-giving (Rutter& O Connor 1999). overdue to persistent relationship problems and patterns, care staff offering a good relationship may not be enough.There may be a need to actively identify abusive relating and encourage and model alternatives. Important principles are modelling rewards rather than punishments and natural consequences and consistently applied limits (Morton et al., 1999, p. 57). Social learning theory together with trauma and non-violence theory can form the basis of models which see the whole environment as a therapeutic agent (Abramovitz & Bloom, 2003). A social care worker needs to have a variety of skills and qualities when working in a residential home with vulnerable clients. The care worker needs to be open minded and non-judgemental, a good listener, patient, be able to work as part of a team , be understanding and moldiness be flexible and be able to work under pressure or adapt to any changes quickly. Like every situation or care setting thither are always pros and cons. The pros of residential care include Residential Care is seen as a secure environment.Children get to build relationships with others adjust by HSE to ensure the best possible care and services are given Activities are arrangedThe childs needs are met and at that place is consistent care givenThe Cons of a residential care setting include The child may feel neglected or unwanted and see themselves as being institutionalised. Often required to do things at set timesMay not always have a choice who they share entourage with and may not be compatible Limited living space and private spaceA good care provider may not be good at property management and maintenance and vice versa (housingoptions.org.uk)Residential homes are operational under the three sectors which are habitual, private and voluntary. The public sector is defined as the whole of the activities, organisations, institutions or services, for which the state or its representatives can be regarded as the employer, and whereby the organisation, the goals and the operation thereof are determined by public authorities and underpinned by public funding.( www.eurofound.europa.eu) The Private Sector is the part of the economy that is not fully state controlledand is run by individuals or groups of people. In the case of residential homes an example of a private run care home is Daffodil Care services. Although this is a private run service it is put away monitored by the Health Service Executive. The final sector is the voluntary sector, which has pioneered the provision of services, with the state becoming involved in a supportive role at a later stage. In many instances voluntary organisations supplement the basic services provided by the state. Depending on the type of activity engaged in, there are different sources of fun ding for voluntary organisations. These include the European Social Fund and Lottery Funding. The main sources of recurrent funds for the majority of voluntary organisations providing welfare services are health boards. Section 65 of the Health Act, 1953 provides that health authorities may support organisations providing services similar to those of the health authority. (Curry 2003)ConclusionIn conclusion to this assignment we have discussed Residential Care as a whole and shows how theoretical approaches are used and also gives us a sporty understanding of the three different sectors. Residential care will always be needed in society to ensure the care for children who may not have any other options or resources available.Reference ListCurry, J (2003). Irish Social Services, 4th ed. Dublin British LibraryBest work guidelines(2009)best practice guidelines for the use and implementation of therapeutic interventions for children and young people in out of home care online availab lehttp//www.caab.ie/Publications/PDFsPublications/Guidance-Documents/CAAB-Best-Prac-Guide-hteraputice-Inter.aspx6th December 2011.Evergreenconsultantsinhumanbehaviouronlinehttp//attachmenttherapy.com/adult.htm6th December 2011.

Displays the result Essay

To improve legibility the comments are displayed to the right of every TOM line of code, and not in the standard style. get wind keyin Reads information inputted by keyboard and lineages in the memory board localisation principle keyin load keyin lashings info from the hold on localization of function keyin in to the collector sub deduction Subtracts the inclose localisation minus from the aggregator computer memory display Stores judge in collector register in the cut in localisation of function display print display Displays limit of the store localization principle display on the cover out stop lolly computer political platformme execution minus entropy.1 Initialises a store arrangement minus with the protect 1 in it keyin data 0 Initialises a store position keyin with the harbor 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it 2. Write a TOM broadcast that exhibits a exit from the keyboard, multiplies it by 2, reads other do b from the keyboard, multiplies it by 3, and then displays the result. In other words, evaluate 2*a+3*b. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the aggregator mult val1 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val1 store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display read keyin2.Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin2 Loads data from the store location keyin2 in to the accumulator mult val2 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val2 add display Adds the store location display to the accumulator store fundamental Stores value in accumulator in the store location pith print amount Displays contents of the store location centre on the screen stop lucre program execution val1 data 2 Initialises a store location val1 with the value 2 in it val2 data.3 Initialises a store location val2 w ith the value 3 in it keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it match data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it 3. Write a TOM program that displays 2 numbers, entered from the keyboard, in desc demolitioning numerical entrap. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 read keyin2.Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator sub keyin2 Subtracts the store location keyin2 from the accumulator jifz note Transfers ascendancy to the teaching lower if the zero flag is set print keyin1 Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen stop Stops program execut ion lower print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen print keyin1.Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it 4. Write a TOM program that reads a number N from the keyboard and displays the summation of all integers from 1 to N i. e. 1+2+3+ +N. read keyin.Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin loop load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator add one Adds the store location one to the accumulator store sofar Stores value in accumulator in the store location sofar add total Adds the store location total to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator sub keyin Subtracts the store location keyi n from the accumulator jifn loop.Transfers control to the centering loop if the sign flag is set print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it one data 1 Initialises a store location one with the value 1 in it sofar data 0 Initialises a store location sofar with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it Alternatively, a to a greater extent mathematical approach would be to use the below program.Observing the numbers inputted and outputted from the above program, I was able to find a relationship between the two numbers, this can be summarised by the below statute (N x 0. 5) + 0. 5 x N = TOTAL The program using the above formula is simpler to write, uses far less processor cycles, and therefore far much efficient. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Load s data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator mult val Multiplies.the accumulator by the store location val add val Adds the store location val to the accumulator mult keyin Multiplies the accumulator by the store location keyin store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it val data .5 Initialises a store location val with the value 0. 5 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it TOM2 1. A mobile peal company, Odear, makes a monthly standing management of i 12.50 and charges 5 pence per local call. Write a TOM program that reads the amount of calls made and displays the total monthly bill. read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator m ult wander Multiplies the accumulator by the store location ordinate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution total data.0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it footstep data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 2. Expand your program of (1) so that the program rises back to the beginning, ready to calculate another bill instead of ending. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate.Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the stor e location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data .05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 3. Whats wrong with the program in (2)? The program has no way of ending (normally), and will therefore loop continuously. 4. Modify (2) so that if the user enters 0 for the number of units the program terminates. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator sub check Subtracts the store location check from the ac cumulator jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set mult rate.Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data .05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it check data 0 Initialises a store location check with the value 0 in it 5. Now modify (4) so that the user can tell the system how umteen bills to calculate and the program terminates after running that many times. read billnum Reads data inputted by key board and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing.Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start.Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it 6. Finally, modify the program of (5) so that the user can first enter the price per unit, and the standing charge.Read rate Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location rate read standing Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location standing read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing.Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores va lue in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start.Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 0 Initialises a store location standing with the value 0 in it rate data 0 Initialises a store location rate with the value 0 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it Modifications in TOM2 In question 1, the program initialise s four store locations rate to store the standard call rate of 0. 5, standing to store the standing charge of 12. 50, calls to store the number of calls made and total to store the total bill.The programs reads a value inputted by the user (number of calls), multiplies this value by the call rate, adds the standing order and displays it. psyche 2 introduces a loop after the total has been displayed to the start of the program so that user may calculate another bill, this however is not ideal as there is no correct way to terminate the program normally. Question 4 combats this problem by allowing the user to enter 0 to terminate the program. This is done by introducing an additional store location called check with the value 0 assigned to it.The program subtracts check from the number of calls entered, if the result is 0 (0 0 = 0) then the zero flag is set, the jifz statement then transfers control to the end of the program, where it terminates normally. Question 5, in addition to the store location used in question 1 introduces two more billnum to store the number of bills required and billsub, a store location containing the value 1. The user initially enters the number of bills required, this is stored in billnum, the program then calculates the bill in same way as question 1.After the bill has been displayed, the program subtracts billsub (1) from the number of bills, if the result is zero (ie no more bill to calculate) the zero flag is set, and using the jifz statement jumps to the end of the program. If the zero flag is not set (more bills to calculate) the program is looped back to enter more bill details. Question 6, allows the user to enter the standing charge, rate of calls and number of bills before the bills are calculated, these are stored in their respective locations (standing, rate and billnum) before the program continues to execute in the same way as question 5.CSO Tutorial 4 Exercise 2. 1 We wish to compare the performance of two assorted machines M1 and M2. The following measurements have been made on these machines Program Time on M1 Time on M2 1 10 seconds 5 seconds 2 3 seconds 4 seconds Which machine is quicker for each program and by how much? For program 1, M2 is 5 seconds(or 100%) faster than M1. For program 2, M1 is 1 second (or 25%) faster than M2. Exercise 2. 2 Consider the two machines and programs in Exercise 2. 1. The following additional measurements were made Program.Instructions kill on M1 Instructions executed on M2 1 200 x 106 160 x 106 Find the instruction execution rate (instructions per second) for each machine running program 1. Instructions executed = Instructions per second (instruction execution rate) time(seconds) M1 200000000 = 20000000 10 = 20 x 106 Instructions per second or 20 Million Instructions per second M2 160000000 = 32000000 5 = 32 x 106 Instructions per second or 32 Million Instructions per second Exercise 2. 3 If the clock rates of machines M1 and M2 in Ex 2.1 are 200 MHz and 3 00 MHz respectively, find the clock cycles per instruction (CPI) for program 1 on both machines using the data in Ex 2. 1 & 2. 2. Clock rate = clock cycles per instruction (CPI) Instruction execution rate M1 200000000 = 10 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 20000000 M2 300000000 = 9. 375 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 32000000 Question 4 Draw a full flowchart of the final TOM program produced at the end of exercise TOM2. This should include all the instructions, loops and all the program labels in the appropriate places.

Organic food Essay

We have all heard the phrase What you slangt know wont hurt you and it has undoubtedly applied to umteen situations in our lives that we argon still unaw be of. We like to toss around this phrase without worrying too much(prenominal) almost what it implies because that is the exclusively point of the phrase, non to worry. When it comes to what we are putting into our bodies, though, what we do not know git thusly hurt us immensely. In the United States, we have grown accustomed to not thinking much about what we are consuming. The main factors we look for in sustenance are taste and price.We live in a consumer society where money rules our nation, it rules our lives, and it rules us. Money has become the main focus for every decision we rat, unless when it comes to something as of the essence(p) as our health, should we look at a few other factors? With societies concerns focusing on wealth and profit, there is no surprise that the nourishment constancy finds the loude st ways to produce the most fare. Consequently, this produces numerous negative effects on aspects of our lives such as our health and the surround. When choosing what aliments to consume, we should begin to pay more attendance to factors other than the price tag.The food industry obviously plays a big role in this pestilent of processed food, just they are not the only ones to blame. Yes they are the ones taking advantage of our ignorance by mass-producing cheap food that they know we will not think twice about, but the ignorance is our fault. Author of The Omnivores Dilemma, Michael Pollan, describes the flow foundation of the food industry, Our food system depends on consumers not knowing much about it beyond the price disclosed by the checkout scanner. Cheapness and ignorance are mutually reinforcing (Pollan 245).Pollan is correct in his hypothesis that most Americans do not know much about their food besides how much it cost. roughly of them are not even cognizant tha t they do not know what is in their food. They subconsciously grab that chicken is chicken and cheese is cheese, but unfortunately that is hardly ever the case. M any(prenominal) volume necessitate to live along these guidelines of ignorance is delight by not paying attention to the horror stories of the food industry they turn their heads from documentaries on animal treatment and plug their ears at the mention of the real ingredients of their precious snacks.As long as the food they are eating tastes good and did not cost a litter of money, they are content with not knowing how blebby it might be. Pollan further explains another reason people buy the cheapest available food It makes good economic sense that people with limited money to snuff it on food would spend it on the cheapest calories they can find, especially when the cheapest caloriesfats and sugarsare precisely the ones offering the biggest neurobiological rewards.(Pollan 108) People with lower incomes are confine d to purchasing cheap food, typically the most processed and unhealthy food, because with their limited funds they cannot afford to care about the quality of what they are eating. They buy what is cheapest because that is all they can get. As long as they have food in their stomachs, they do not complain or worry too much about the side affects. Eating food that may not be very healthy definitely outweighs the alternative of eating nothing and starving.Americans are ignorant of the food that they obtain either because they choose not to educate themselves or because they really have no choice. Either way, they are missing out on other possibilities of obtaining food that have many advantages. Not knowing what our food is made of also prevents us from knowing what alternative food options are available to us. Because we see no problems with our current food choices, we see no reason to discover new ones. The processed food at the supermarket is all we know because it is the most co nvenient and affordable from of nourishment we can obtain.Pollans book includes the tribute of someone who buys food from a local, organic farmer, for me its all about the taste, which is just so variousthis is a chickinier chicken. Arts chickens just taste cleaner, like the chicken I remember when I was a kid (Pollan 252). The food available from local farmers is not only better for our health and the environment but it also tastes better. We have grown accustomed to the artificially flavored food we buy from grocery stores and do not realize that the food we eat could taste better and more natural.The locally grown food tastes healthier and more natural because that is precisely what it is. The artificially engineered taste of chicken in a everyday chicken nugget is not what a chicken should taste like. Besides enhanced taste, buying from local farmers offers many other benefits as well. An organic farmer interviewed in The Omnivores Dilemma explains some more benefits of buyin g locally, With our food all of the costs are figured into the price. Society is not bearing the cost of peeing pollution, of antibiotic resistance, of food-borne illnesses, of crop subsidies, of subsidized oil and waterof all the hidden costs to the environment and the taxpayer that make cheap food seem cheap. (Pollan 243)One of the main reasons why people do not sine qua non to look into these alternative methods of eating is because they are more expensive. People overlook these opportunities because the organic food appears overpriced, but when you evaluate all these factors it might not be as overpriced as you might think. Yes the food is more expensive but it stands true that you get what you pay for.When paying more, you are receiving a whole lot more that benefits your health, community, and environment. The extra money that would be spent on food, you might save on your medical bills and taxes. Locally produced food is healthier for you and it carries a much less chance o f containing disease and illness. some other bonus of buying from local farms there is less pollution created than in the factories and slaughterhouses of the globalized food industry. If people became aware of alternative food options and the benefits associated with them, they would be more inclined to pay better attention to what they are buying.This would not only improve ones personal health, but also the environment. Although money remains a very important role in deciding what we purchase, it would benefit us to consider a few other aspects of the food that we buy. Paying attention to details such as what goes into the food, where it is produced, and how it is produced would lead us to make healthier decisions. more than often than not, a satisfying answer to these questions will not be found in the food at our local supermarkets, but rather a local farmer. Buying from these farmers would mean supporting a healthy environment and body.Their production methods are healthier and much more environmentally friendly than any factories in a big-name food industry. While it may seem that this is a simple choice, many Americans will continue to ignore these truths. When it comes down to it, money rules everything and it will take a lot more than the predict of better health for people to overlook a price tag. They say ignorance is bliss, but when that ignorance leads to decisions that contaminate our bodies and our environment, the bliss will be short lived.