The Government Intervention on Private Residential Property after Essay

The Government Intervention on personal Residential Property after Economic Turmoil - Essay ExampleThis paper declares thatthe economic exhilaration in Asia, commonly known as the Asian economic crisis took over the continent in 1997, go down most sectors in a type of economic upheaval whose repercussion sustained even age after the termination of the crucial phase. The four South-East Asian tigers were the most deeply affected in the region. Soon after the popularization of the concept of export-led growth, the region got engrossed in paving out strategies of attaining unshakable growth through this channel.This study highlights that the South East Asian tigers of Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South Korea., soon started concentrating in build up a comparative advantage in the manufacture of electronic goods that led to the inflow of spacious amounts of foreign exchange into the region. The short term success that the region saw generated perceptions among the external eco nomies about the coronation potentials bestowed in the region. Quite naturally, this observation led to a rise in the inflow of resources into the economy in the form of foreign direct investment of which the substantive estate sector was one of the pioneer one. The true estate sector especially bore its roots in the economy of Hong Kong, which had a relatively more than relative trade environment than its neighbors, which is why it was almost like a haven for foreign real estate developers, despite the active participation of the domestic government in the sector.

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Human resource - Essay ExampleThe limitations of this report would be the non-availability of the minute details of Googles HR policies on account of sensitivity of the information. Our research, thus, would purely be base on available information. Let us begin by gathering a basic taking into custody about Human Resource Management (HRM).The field of HRM is not one that exists in isolation. Rather, its part of a larger field of guidance. Reinforcing many new philosophies like that of work force diversity, downsizing, re locomotive engineering, total quality management (TQM), outsourcing and supporting this effort has made HRM an even more vital component of the management team. Similarly, the strategic spirit of HRM continues to gain acceptance as more organizations look to ensure that they have the salutary number of the right people at the right time and in the right place. (Sadarrudin, 2001)The review of the HRM models emphasizes a number of differences in the midst of the new HRM and traditional personnel management. These include strategic planning, focus on the psychological contract, importance of breeding in the workplace, focus on the individual (unitarism), importance of leadership and proactiveness, a focus on business managers and an attention to measuring HR performance outcomes. (Bratton and Gold, 2003)Co-founders Larry Page, president of Products, and Sergey Brin, president of Technology, brought Google to life in September 1998. Since then, the association has grown to more than 10,000 employees worldwide, with a management team that represents some of the most experienced technology professionals in the industry. Eric Schmidt joined Google as chairman and chief executive officer in 2001. (Google, 2009)Founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin named the search engine they built Google, a play on the word googol, the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. (Page and Brin, 1998). The name reflects the immense volume of

Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Risk - Essay ExampleThe action taken dispels negativity, creating enhanced cohesion and providence the group.Goleman & Boyatzis (2013) contribute that a self-managed aggroup is a team that learns and manages itself through collective responsibility in managing the group. both member of the group raises questions about the methods and procedures adopted to steer the group to a common preconceived direction. Members fate the vision and take charge of each(prenominal) activities including reprimanding other members to stick to the group norms in case of deviation. In self-managed groups, new ideas are protected by members and negative criticisms avoided encouraging the innovativeness, continuous creativity and happiness among all members. In such a team, there is enhanced creativity and continual reinforcement of resonance.Empathetic team is one, which all the group associates are cognizant of the other team affiliates emotions. Members of the team redact themselves in the shoes o f their fellow team mates and thinking beyond own concerns. Selfishness is not experience at all in such teams because members think in favor of one another and take on building relationships through socializing with teammates. Members work hand in hand and involve lengthy consultation in all under winnings with no limits irrespective of social or educational levels held.According to Perkins (2000), it is enamour to take risks after analysis of the specifics of the prospective risk. Analysis of the risk helps in the creation of awareness and putting a fallback strategy in place in case the risk actualizes. When the risk problematical is a long-term possibility with the effects not likely to cause huge losses, it is worth taking the risk. After reviewing the worst-case scenario collectively and assessment is made to conclude that the risk makes sense. Contrarily if it does not make

Case week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case week 2 - Essay spokespersonU.S. companies justify this trend by indicating that it reduces their apostrophizes which in the end, makes them more competitive globally.The country that benefits from the forthsourcing of skilled pink-collar jobs to developing nations are the developing nations because it provides employment to their people. The losers are the other skilled skilled workers in the sizable nations because they will find difficulty in looking for a job since it was outsourced from other countries who have a much reject labor equal. These white-collars workers in the rich country may either be out of job or will be forced to accept a job which offers a lower rate just to remain competitive. Opponents of outsourcing claim that the loss of competitive advantage to other countries is permanent and the American worker and economy lose forever (Saleem, 2008).Yes, the United States will suffer from the loss of high-skilled and high-paying jobs because most companies w ould alternatively hire individuals from Third World countries who have the same skills as those found in the U.S. but the cost of labor will be cheaper. Since outsourcing means fewer jobs for the Americans, it means that the unemployed sector of the U.S. will not have the capacity to spend. If they do not have the purchasing power, then those who produce the goods will not earn too (Saleem, 2008). Proponents of outsourcing however say that outsourcing is necessary for the productivity and competitiveness of the U.S. economy since the companies realize cost savings from hiring people at lower rates. (Elstrom, 2007).c.Is there a difference in the midst of the transference of high-paying white-collar jobs, such as computer programming and accounting, to developing nations and low-paying blue-collar jobs? If so, what is the difference, and should government do anything to stop the feast of white-collar jobs out of the country to countries such as India?There is not much difference b etween the transference to

Police Officer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Police Officer - Research Paper lawsuit(source Criminal Justice USA Website) Beyond these basic qualities there is scope also for officers to develop their skills in extra areas so that they can take up highly specialized roles, for example with expertise in particular types of crime such as drugs, or immigration, or even specialist tactical operations like riot control and undercover work. Once a person is accepted into the criminal legal expert system, there is a huge potential for further career paths to open up. The Lynn Police Department website has nurture on commendations that officers defend received for good work, and this gives an insight into what kind of circumstances they take up to deal with, such as resuscitation of a person who has collapsed, or disarming a violent person, or just doing a good steady job in an office for many years. There are many sources of teaching and advice on the job of a natural law officer. Barry Bakers book suggests that police office rs will have to possess compassion and a sense of adventure, and that they are entrusted with great power. This means also that they must be under scrutiny all the time, and so they have to be able to maintain the highest standards. This is true non only in the hours of work itself, but also at home You must be prompt to conduct your personal life with the same degree of discretion as your professional life. (Baker, p. 2). This makes the job of police officer sound extremely challenging and provides a solemn starting point for an interview with a serving police officer. The police officer who agreed to the interview is a patrol officer who whole works both in the office and in a patrol car. He started in law enforcement by and by working in the housing sector. It was interesting to note that he did not pass the police inquiry the first time. He persisted until finally he did pass and then he was interviewed and appointed. It is obvious that he spends a lot of his time out on th e job, answering calls and dealing with incidents that happen day by day. He spends more time in the despatch office, however, and for this he needs to have good office skills and he has to think fast and deal with complicated scenarios. Perhaps this is why he recommends that a person who wants to bring forth a police officer should study for a degree. These writing and thinking skills are going to be very important in a job like this. It was important to him also to learn from otherwise officers. So much of the job requires experience. People behave in unpredictable and dangerous ways sometimes, and it is of all time useful to hear how more experienced officers have coped with things in the past. The office was very sure that the police academy was essential when it comes to tactical skills, but he thought experience and listening to experiences of others was just as important as the technical skills that are taught in the academy. When asked what was difficult about the job, the officer mentioned the way that hoi polloi get out of control. He said that police officers are not able to lose control, and that they have to be fair at all times, and be aware that they are being watched. This was a large-mouthed pressure for him, because he had to deal with others being out of control, while maintaining professionalism and control of

Health Policy Reflection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Policy Reflection - Research Paper ExampleWhen canvas the United States health cargon system to the Canadian health consider system one of the virtually prominent recognitions is that the United States charges considerably more for the same procedures. Mack (2011) indicates that the average cost of an appendectomy in the United States is $8,000. This is compared with Canada where the average cost of this operation is $5,000. There are a variety of reasons for this price disparity. unitary of the most prominent recognitions is that in the United States considerable amount more money goes towards administrative be. These costs extend to the medical professionals as well. Its recognized that many qualified medical professionals leave Canada to charter higher paying jobs in the United States. While United States medical administrators and physicians receive higher salaries, this does non directly translate into improved quality of care.Another prominent difference between t he United States and Canadian health care systems is the type of medical interventions that are implemented. In the United States there is considerable fierceness placed on expensive interventions. For instance, United States medical interference regularly involves tonsillectomies, knee replacements, and MRIs. While these interventions are implemented in the Canada, the Canadian health care system places more focus on treatment at the primary care physician level. Klune (2011) indicates that in great part the Canadian primary care system is able to treat these issues before they become more large-scale and require expensive interventions.A final consideration is the nature of attitudes and socioeconomic conditions within the United States. An amount of research has argued that one of the study reasons the United States must spend more on health care costs than Canada is because the United States hatred rate is higher (ONeil 2007, p. 42). This higher

Fashion and Buying Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Fashion and Buying - Dissertation ExampleIn todays retail world there argon thousands of competitors, and millions of items being pushed at a customer to buy. It is highly plausibly that a customer will be able to buy an item similar to yours from a competitor. So how do you keep customers loyal? It boils down to making obtain an individual(a)ized experience for each customer. Having sort out customer service, as well as tailoring each shopping experience to each individual shopper will ensure that customers remain loyal for years to come. What exactly is customer service? It is something different for everyone, in time we mass simply define customer service as putting the customer first, and making shopping as easy and enjoyable for the customer as is possible. Using IT makes it easy to achieve this goal. These argon just some ways to improve customer service and individualize the shopping experience online. There argon things we can do in its stores as well. Since the goal is to make the customer as happy as possible, the more information you have on a customer, the better. One way to do this is to keep a log in the stores computer of each item the customer has purchased. This way, sales associates can make suggestions for the customers future purchases based on items they already know he or she likes. This will give the customer a regaining that the sales associates really value them, and will addition customer loyalty as well as store revenue. In addition,We could also use these customer logs to send out notices of upcoming sales to customers. Excellent customer service and shopping convenience is not the only way to increase a companys overall revenue. Employee satisfaction plays a big part in a stores success. Studies have shown that happy employees are productive employees. Simple things, such as creating a level(p) work schedule as opposed to having rotating shifts, can decrease turnover by 50%, then helping to cultivate more long-term relat ionships between sales associates and their customers (Smith, 2003). Employees are also happy when they feel they are good at their jobs. An excellent way for Gap to determine whether or not their employees are excelling at their jobs would be to keep track of each item the employee sells. If an employee is assigned to the womens room department, however they continuously are making sales of mens clothing, the store manager will see this and can move them to the mens department, where they could potentially be more useful and happier. Not only do happy employees stay with a company longer and are more productive, they also make customers happier (Glanz, 2003). When employees are happy, they create an atmosphere of esteem and dedication. Shopping in such an atmosphere makes customers happy and relaxed. Only good things can come from this.The unseasoned market place is all about customization and personalization. Knowing what each individual customer wants, and knowing how he or she wants it. No longer will product sell to entire segments of the market. With so many competing forces the the great unwashed demand personal touches. Automobile companies have 20 different lines of cars and trucks, computers offer

International Financial Management - Currencies and Costs Essay

International Financial Management - Currencies and Costs - Essay ExampleThat is, the prospect of issuing unconnected debt is highly correlated with the degree of foreign operations. Their precedes are consistent with those of Kedia and Mozumdar (2003), who conclude that firms dedicate to satisfy a demand to hedge via foreign debt. Kedia and Mozumdar (2003), also conclude that the correlation between foreign operations and the probability of issuing foreign debt is consistent with both the role of foreign debt as a hedging instrument and the existence of information barriers.The integration of neat markets implies that financial assets traded in different markets should occupy the same risk/return characteristics. Kedia and Mozumdar (2003) however note that the segmentation of capital markets and barriers to international investment could result in opportunities for choosing the currency of debt to minimize accompaniment costs (interest rates). Kedia and Mozumdar (2003) identi fy two sources of segmentation including legal barriers and Informational sources. fit in to them legal barriers which constitute a broad variety of restrictions such as differences in tax intercession for foreign and domestic investments, capital controls, security law, and ownership restrictions could give rise to opportunities for multinational companies to reduce their funding rates. It is also evident in the study by Kedia and Mozumdar (2003) that foreign investors face high costs of conference information about capital markets in different countries and as such domestic companies take reinforcement of this information asymmetry to issue debt at a low cost than they would have issued to domestic investors. harmonize to Keloharju and Niskanen (2001), issuing in the Euromarket may be more economical since it helps to mitigate withholding taxes and capital controls. They hike up illustrate that acceptance cost in two currencies can be reduced by borrowing the weaker currency and that tax laws in Finland encourage companies to borrow the foreign currency.Allayannis et al (2003 pp 2669) in their study of the capital structure and financial risk of East Asian Firms with particular emphasis on foreign-currency debt use, provide exhibit that differences in home country interest rates and foreign interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), are important determinants for both home country and foreign debt use. The study finds that the higher(prenominal) (lower) the difference in interest rates, the

An era of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An era of globalization - Essay ExampleApart from the economic conditions which allowed for the states generosity in regards to benefit provision, semipolitical rationales have as well been forwarded as tributary to the rise of the welfare state. The widespread victory of Labour parties in Europe, particularly in Britain, for example, is said to have led to an emergence in social policies targeted towards the social and economic security of the functional class, the main beneficiaries of the welfare state and the backbone of these parties. (Korpi 2003) Esping-Andersen also articulates another view of the welfare states golden term as a political move to instill social citizenship among the citizenryIn moral terms, the welfare state promised a more universal, classless justice and solidarity of the people it was presented as a ray of hope to those who were asked to sacrifice for the common good in the war effort. The welfare state was therefore also a political project of nat ion-building the affirmation of liberal democracy against the twin perils of fascism and bolshevism. Many countries became self-proclaimed welfare states not so more than to give a label to their social policies as to foster social integration. (1997)The presence of several contributory factors accountable for the welfare states golden age precludes the existence also of more than one factor amenable for its decline. As has been stated earlier, the decline of the welfare state is said to be marked by the economic recession of the mid-70s. Beginning from then, the expansion of welfare state provisions which marked the golden age of the post-war decades has grounded to a halt, and in most countries has reversed into a retrenchment. This trend continues to persist, and the factors contributing to it have been a matter of overmuch debate. Demographics, or population characteristics such as age, natality rates, and the gender composition of the labor force in spite of appearance the se welfare states is one of the key factors that has often been forwarded in regards to the welfare states decline. Changes in the demography of these welfare states, particularly an increase in the number of welfare recipients brought about by an ageing population and decreased fertility rates, is said to exert demands on the welfare state which it cannot meet, resulting in a retrenchment of welfare policies. (Pierson 2001) As the main proponent of this view, Pierson further explains that this age shift in the population structure of these welfare states exerts direful pressure since it increases the demand on two key welfare sectors health and pension, sectors which, in the EU alone, accounted for roughly 2/3 of the total spending on social protection in 1991. (2001) Cochrane agrees that demographics do entrance the policy-making of welfare states In the golden age, the same demographic trends exerted similar pressure to the welfare states to increase welfare benefits and servi ces. (Cochrane 2001) The differences in government response then and now, though, indicate the prevalence of other factors which determine what

Reliance Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

trustfulness Industries - Essay ExamplePoza notes that as per the regulations outlined in Hindu succession laws, the eldest son of the household is entitled to become the surrogate after the death of the familys head (341). Consequently, this notion is also reflected in Hindu traditions and customs which regard the first-born of the family. Mukeshs arrival in the business, in many ways, echoed this custom as he embarked upon his responsibilities in a fashion that was similar to that of his father (Grant and Nicholson 44). Assessing the relationship that the sons shared with their parents it is understood that Dhirubhai was particularly fond of Mukesh and therefore, chose to discuss the personal business of the business with him before seeking Anils point of view (Poza 348) which could have irked Mukeshs sibling. another(prenominal) important role that the parents played for the sake of Reliance Industries and for their family was that of mediators. Whenever conflicts between the brothers arose, it was Dhirubhai who took to a stand to resolve the issues by warning his sons and taking an action in suppose to ensure that family disputes did not act as hurdles in the achievement of business objectives (Poza 349). By March 2005, tensions between the brothers over the control and management of Reliance Industries had escalated which caused media scrutiny on the matter to rise. Thus, it was Kokilaben who realized that the gravity of the situation begged for her intervention. Grant and Nicholson state that despite of her involuntariness to do so, Kokilaben initiated a process of arbitration that ultimately resulted in the distribution of the companys assets (49). Therefore, this fragment of the analysis certainly indicates the instrumental role of Dhirubhai and Kokilaben in Reliance Industries which could have not succeeded without their participation in its affairs. The succession of Reliance Industries to the next generation seatnot be termed as a monumental s uccess. In order to assess this statement, the paper explores the ramifications of the succession from the point of view of the Ambani family and from a business perspective. Dhirubhai was always a besotted believer in the concept of unity and trusted this notion as an article of faith, this reflexion first surfaced when he refused to divide Reliance upon the suggestion of his brothers (Grant and Nicholson 43). Similarly, Dhirubhais disapproval of family disputes and rifts especially between his sons is clearly observable from the fact that he would personally intervene to resolve any conflicts between Mukesh and Anil (Poza 348). Therefore, it can be stated Dhirubhai Ambani never wanted Reliance Industries to be partitioned. Grant and Nicholson claim that Kokilabens falter in dividing Reliance Industries was unequivocally clear when she intervened to resolve the issue in 2005 with the assistance of K V Kamath and Nimesh Kampani (49). The authors note that the continuation of Rel iance Industries as a single entity was to be a representation of Dhirubhais legacy which could not survive due to the dispute between Mukesh and Anil (Grant and Nicholson 49). Henceforth, the succession of the great Indian company cannot be termed as successful from the perspective of the Ambani fam

Ethics in computing or Data Protection Act Research Paper

Ethics in computing or Data Protection Act - Research Paper ExampleThis requires safeguarding entropy through viable planning. This whitethorn require info reliable data back up and protection. These protections required for data are set by the data protection Act (1998). While these Acts seemed comprehensive at the time of legislation, they have come to show that there are a number of loop holes that can be exploited by various interest groups to achieve their ends (Strobl, Cave, &, Walley, 2000).According to Strobl, Cave, &, Walley, (2000), data protection is a regulation that places me in an viscous position while doing my project on data bases. This act made it very important for me to verify I introduce structures geared at protecting the information of the data subjects. To ensure that I never contravened the data protection Act or anybody using the databases does not override the data protection act, I ensured that the available controls provided by the existing file sys tems are upgraded and if possible combined to improve the level of warrantor of the data (Per Arne Godejord, 2008).While this was not only focused on ensuring that the data inside were protected and that the data subjects rights are upheld, I had to ensure that I had in place proper structures for Access control and auditing. However, I had to come up with plans to ensure that the authentication and encryption processes are always up to date. Updating the programs helped me wield the integrity of the files.Though it is a requirement of the data protection act to ensure that, the personal data are delightfully touch on. I had to ensure that I carried out a vulnerability assessment and compliance. This is in line with the requirement of that Act that any personal data be processed in fair and lawful manners. Vulnerability assessment and compliance is important in ensuring that data are not processed against the wish of the data subject. After assessing vulnerability, I also config ured

Middle East Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Middle East Story - Essay ExampleMariam is Muslim and Tony is Christian. I personally think this change greatly changes the fib and makes it even more impossible for Mariam and Tony to be together. Also, it is important to note that the story does take place in 2006. America and the Muslim world is at a point where all communication leads to inevitable misunderstanding and yet, Tony, an American Christian soldier falls in love with the Muslim Qatari Mariam.I really like my modernized version of the play. I feel that since there is so much hostility between the Americans and the Muslims, showing a play where both sides want to give up what they stand for and just be devoted to each other shows that love prevails over all. Throwing dirt on others does not make us a better person and violence is definitely not the assist to all questions. Middle East Story shows that spiritedness is short, and questions, is it wise to spend a short life hating and killing those who disagree with ou r viewpointIn my modernized version, Tony does die. I felt it was important for Tony to die, because even afterwards he dies, Mariam shows her affection for him. She covers his face with her head covering, her identity of being a Muslim. I felt this was a very powerful scene in the play.This play is based on the musical, West Side Story, and I have attempted to modernize it by making a few... Mariam is the sister of Qatars Islamic groups leader, Ibrahim. Ibrahim wants Qatar to be autonomous of the American soldiers because he fears the Americans would Westernize the Qataris and cause trouble. From the start it is established that Mariams family is against the American soldiers. Tony, the guy with whom Mariam meets and falls in love, is an American soldier. This racial contrast is very difficult to deal with. The American soldiers pity the Qataris whom the Americans believe argon living a backwards life. The American soldiers believe women should have more freedom and the country boilersuit should be more open-minded. The lack of understanding between both races leads to hatred the American soldiers stationed in Qatar and the members of the Islamic groups have a hard time tolerating each other.A social class difference excessively exists between Mariam and Tony. Mariam comes from a very wealthy family. Her family owns a big house and she enjoys a comfortable lifestyle. Tony, on the other hand, comes from a middle class family. He lives in an apartment and does not enjoy a luxurious lifestyle. According to Qatar standards, a girl that comes from a wealthy family is supposed to be married to a man who is either of equal financial status or preferably richer.The last and major difference is the religion difference. This difference is not mentioned in the West Side Story. Mariam is a Muslim woman and Tony is a Christian man. According to Islam, it is not permissible for Mariam to get married to Tony. Also, Mariam came from a family that was religiously active and systematically reinforced the teachings and principles of Islam. ThemeThe whole play revolves around conflicts between the

Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflective Report - demonstrate Examplesomething and that the phone line they choose to give is going to be rewarded by an organisation that truly looks out(a) for his or her own best interest. At the same time, the resources that either given business has to deploy atomic number 18 limited. As such, it is equally important that they understand all that they can about any individual supplier or business in their efforts to streamline costs, and maximise exposure and profitability.It is striking to consider the technology that is addressable today to meet the increasing demand for knowledge. This has much to do with the daily operations of a business, as guests want and require knowledge quickly and easily. They desire the business to be accessible to them, on their terms, and at their own skill level. I now better understand the nature of my potential in any future business endeavour. The natural objective and purpose behind this concept is to develop a way to organise and a ssimilate data in a user friendly way that both employee and customer can benefit from. This is easier said than done, but the process of developing customer and brand loyalty is at stake here.Through this experience, I have learned the nature of customer knowledge management and its miscellaneous components. From a business perspective, a working knowledge of all the customer within an organisation helps a company stay competitive both locally and globally. It is app atomic number 18nt that customers are no longer by bound by physical and geographical location. It is often just as easy to do business with a company several continents away as it is to associate with a business right ware the street. With this reality in mind, companies have begun to treat customer knowledge management processes with renew vigour and enthusiasm (Borges, 2007). This process also means that business today have opened up their doors across borders and they, themselves, are no longer necessarily const ricted to time and space. Knowledge, if harnessed properly, enables a business

Public sector services should be managed just like the private sector Essay

Public sector services should be managed just worry the head-to-head sector. Discuss this statement using examples from contemporary management practices - Essay patternThe public services be not usually sold to people to gain profit and are not withheld from the people who can not afford them (Flynn 2007). This difference though always not applicable to all public services, significantly affects the management practices in private and public sector. The private service is merc hapise oriented. Different services are provided to people paying different prices. The services and strategies are designed to quip customized and wide services to attract people to the private service. The public services on the other hand are aimed to provide protection, education, care and help without taking into account the profitability. That is why the public services practically face the problems with rationing and pricing as they treat all service users equally. As the need for merchandise s ervices or attracting people is minimal the profitability is often lowered too.While distinguishing the public and private services, it can be said that the public sector needs to provide services for public good where the market fails to do so. These services include those, which cannot exclude any individual, and a collective payment is essential for those services. The services, which are paid through taxes rather than through direct payment, are considered as public services. The gird forces, judiciary and police, civil services, local governments, essential infrastructure like road, welfare state like health, education, accessible security, housing, etc are generally considered as public services. Ownership of services also makes them public or private. tho it is often seen that people are not much concerned with the ownership of the services they receive move out when they consider employment. Public sector employments are often considered to be much secured but with low absorb though there are jobs, which get better security and wage in private sector. at that place are certain practical arguments in support of the public services. There are services like armed forces

International fashion marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International fashion marketing - Essay ExampleTop shop has an planetary marketing department that is in charge of advertising the products in their areas of interest.I am part of the transnational marketing department for Top shop and our role is to bump off individuals aware of the products we sell, doing research on how to make more sales, identifying with the destination of the deal in different countries, and using efficient advertisement means such as online operations to ensure that we reach all kinds of customers. This paper is going to discuss the benefits and cultural norms that convey to be considered by Top shop when advertising in China, Japan, and United States of America. I will oppose and contrast the requirements contended to establish successful markets in the three countries by discussing their cultural norms and beliefs that need to be considered when advertising different fashion commodities.The international marketing department for Top Shop is required to snuggle mess with the respect they deserve to gain their attention. For instance, the when advertising in different countries, their cultural values and norms need to be considered in order to make them learn how to use the products and buy them.Choi (2012) stated that Chinese people have strict rules regarding their cultural values and their behavior and clothing depict their ancient traditional culture depending with the time and region. Advertising fashion products in China requires an individual to address the people with etiquette. Choi (2012) stated that family, social, and lord titles follow the name always rather than preceding it. It is discourteous to call people by their finale names and first names, unless they are on familiar terms with you and when asked. The advertisers only need to use the soubriquet followed by the title of the Chinese associates or friends when trying to introduce a product the customers.The Chinese people use handshakes as a form of

Accrual And Cash Accounting Essay Example for Free

Accrual And gold Accounting look forThese are two methods of keeping track of income and expenses in a business, (accrual and capital business relationship). Accrual and cash accounting difference is in when a sale and purchase are credited and debited to the account. The cash method is when cash is received, and the expense is when it is paid. An example is when I am contracted to paint a room, which volition be end within a couple of hours, the client pays me. After completing the job my client pays me with cash or check. Therefore, it is considered cash accounting and recorded as so. Cash accounting tracks the cash combine but does non track revenue. With accrual accounting, all proceedings are recorded if cash is received or not. intimately companies use accrual accounting on a weekly basis to monitor cash flow to ensure they have enough cash on hand for the business to operate.Accrual accounting transactions are, the day they of service. For an example, with my b usiness there are some jobs that I and will be completed, but not paid until later. When its a company, their contracts are paid on a monthly basis. For a company these are considered the companies account payable, that arpaid monthly. As for me these are accrual accounts, but arerecorded. The cash and accrual methods can produce the same, www.inc.com/articles/2000/04/19194 Cash and accrual accounts can have no difference if all transactions are paid in cash when completed no matter what methods are . Accrual accounting shows the income and debts in partial of a business and cash accounting only shows the cash flow. Each method used together will give a more accurate picture of the company business.Referenceswww.inc.com/articles/2000/04/19194.html, Cash vs. Accrual Accounting/bookkeeping Articleswww.dummies.com, Deciding between Cash-Basis and Accrual Accounting-For Dummies

American Idiot Essay Example for Free

American nitwit EssayThe song that I chose to write about is titled American Idiot by kilobyte Day. This song was on Green Days album titled American Idiot. This album was primarily released in 2004. American Idiot, the song, peaked at number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100. My agreement for choo tittle-tattle this song is that it talks about how the media runs society and how raft shouldnt let the media run their lives. The main accessible issue that is talked about in this song is how the media runs our lives and society. One of the lines in the song is Dont wanna be an American idiot, one nation controlled by the media. This line refers to how citizenry in America rely severely on the media for everything. They trust every word that is printed in a newspaper or magazine or said on television without question. People hang on every word that is pumped by means of the media. I dont consider this to be a personal problem because it refers to all people being controlled by the media. It is not as if the singer in the song is the only one that the media affects.Media is world-wide ways of letting people know what is going on around them. What Billy Joe Armstrong is saying passim this song is that people need to realize is that not everything that a person hears is necessarily true and people should not panic just because of what the news says. Green Day is an American rock band that was create in 1987. the group consists of three members Billy Joe Armstrong(vocals), Tre Cool(drums), and Mike Dirnt(bass). In 1988, they signed to Lookout Records and then in 1989 they released their first EP titled 1,000 Hours.However, the band didnt have much success until it released the album Kerplunk in 1993. after(prenominal) Kerplunks success, Green Day proceeded to leave Lookout Records and sign with Reprise Records. In 1994, they released their first study label de alone, Dookie. Over the next few years, Green Day would have much success but then decided to take a break in 1996. They returned in 1997. When they returned, they began to work on a new full-length album. This album was entitled Nimrod and was released in October of 1997. This album deviated from their normally pop-punk style of music and gave listeners a variety of music.They didnt release another album until 2000 when they released Warning which further continued their new well(p) that they started with Nimrod. After releasing Warning, they were nominated for 8 awards in the California Music Awards. They won all ogdoad awards. The band then continued their success over the next few years. In 2004 the band released American Idiot. And then in 2006 they won the Grammy for record of the year because of the track Boulevard of Broken Dreams which spent 16 weeks at the top of the charts.The lyrics to American Idiot are as follows Dont wanna be an American idiot. Dont want a nation under the new mania. And can you hear the sound of hysteria? The subliminal mindfuck America. Welcom e to a new kind of tension. All crosswise the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. hale maybe Im the faggot America. Im not a part of a redneck agenda. Now everybody do the propaganda. And sing along in the age of paranoia.Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. Dont wanna be an American idiot. One nation controlled by the media. selective information age of hysteria. Its calling out to idiot America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue.

Compare & Contrast Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

Comp ar Contrast Han and capital of Italy EssayWhen Han chinaware and Imperial Rome are compared, single can find some(prenominal) similarities and differences in terms of techniques of imperial administration. A resemblance would be that both are bureaucracies. However, both are also divers(prenominal). One major difference is that Han China had the civilian attend exams. They also differed because Han China had a much greater emphasis on organized religion than the Romans. These differences led to very different futures for the two empires, both of which were among the strongest in the world at the time. .The first proportion is that both Han China and Imperial Rome were bureaucracies. They had a sole ruler, but they had many others governing precise portions of the empire. This allowed for the empire as a whole to be in better shape. This is due to the fact that a more(prenominal) localized ruler would better know both the area and its demand. They would also be m ore dedicated to their job as they would be managing the area they live in, so every decision they put one across would impact not only their life but possibly the lives of family living in the regions they are governing.The empires would be much worse off if they had their single ruler managing everything, as they would not fully understand the needs of the areas, nor would they care as much as they would most likely have no personal ties to those regions. collect to this, both empires were much more powerful and well organized. Another comparison is that Han China had the civil service exams, while Imperial Rome had nothing similar. The exam allowed for overall better governing and management of the empire.This is because the enquiry filtered out those who were flat for those positions and instead filled them with intelligent people who could do good for the empire. If they let unqualified people in that would greatly increase poor management because they would not be knowledg eable full to make decisions that would benefit not only that one area, but the empire as a whole. Without the civil service exams, many unqualified people entered positions of power in Rome, and so there were many problems. The concluding comparison is that Han China had a greater emphasis on religion than Imperial Rome.In Han China, this was install in the mandate of paradise, the structure of family found in the government, and that to get a good job in the government one needed to be educated in Confucianism. When the Han first took power, they incorporated the mandate of heaven into Confucian values, If the ruler was a good ruler, then they were supported by the heavens. Confucianism also led to the family hierarchy becoming the basis for government structure. Subjects owed the emperor the same obedience that they gave to their fathers.Religion was also important because one needed to be knowledgeable in Confucianism to get a good job, as the tests were mainly found off o f Confucian texts. Rome, on the other hand, had no real religion within the government. While both Han China and Imperial Rome were different in terms of imperial administration because of Han Chinas civil service exam, as well as Han Chinas focus on religion, they are still similar due to the fact that they are bureaucracies. Even so, these differences and more led to very different futures for both empires, neither of which ended very well.

Critical response to Z for Zachariah by Robert C. OBrien Essay Example for Free

sarcastic response to Z for Zachariah by Robert C. OBrien EssayThe concord I read is Z for Zachariah by Robert C. OBrien. I enjoyed this tidings beca practice it contained some only when excellent characters and is full of mystery and suspense.Z for Zachariah is ab egress a sixteen-year-old girl, called Ann accuse who thinks she is the only person to survive a nuclear war. However, as her journal entries progress, you learn of a person in a green suit who is pulling what looks like a trailer covered with the said(prenominal) green material as the suit approaching Ann Burdens valley. Later in the diary you key out out that the person is a man who had been an industrial chemist before the war, working for the Government designing a suit to protect people in the change surfacet of a nuclear burst. His name is Mr Loomis and he is corrosion the only angiotensin converting enzyme of these suits.When Mr Loomis finally arrives in the valley, he is amazed by the feature tha t in that location is water, which appears to be safe but Mr Loomis makes unitary severe mistake. When he checks the water for the level of radiation with his Geiger counter he in fact checks the clean water in the stream but then goes on to feign further down the valley, where he finds Ann Burdens class where the polluted Burden brook is nearby. Once Mr Loomis has seen inside Anns sign of the zodiac (where Ann has cleverly hidden any clues that could show the visitor that in that respect has been people living in that respect recently) he then proceeds towards Burden Creek in the hope of getting his first bath in probably months.However, non realising that the stream and Creek are not connected and in fact the Creek runs into the valley from over the heap where the pollution is, he jumps right in. Within a very oblivious period of time after Mr Loomis has had his bath he became very ill, as he had been exposed to a lot of radiation. When Mr Loomis becomes sick Ann then a ttracts she will break to help him and that is when she first shows herself. Anns diary entries take you through with(predicate) the events that happen when she is and is not in the company of Mr Loomis.My favourite part of the book is the first three diary entries. In these diary entries Mr Loomis has not yet arrived in the valley however Ann has seen polecat from over the hill for three days, which she presumes is from a human made fire because it is in a thin column that it rises. The smoke comes at the same time everyday, in late afternoon. Each afternoon the smoke is nearer to Anns home. I like this part of the book the most because in it you find out what it has been like for Ann creation solely for so long because her family leftfield her to look for other people and had never returned. It is interesting to read Anns designs of organism excited and scared that she may in fact not be the only person left in the world. It is obvious wherefore Ann would be excited about s omeone else coming into the valley but maybe not so clear why she would be scared.Ann is scared because after the nuclear explosion some radio stations had still broadcasted, but towards the end of them broadcasting the presenters seemed to be going crazy. here is a quote from the second diary entry which will explain why Ann is scared presuppose a car came over the hill, and I ran out, and whoever was in it got out suppose he was crazy? Or suppose it was someone mean, or cruel, and brutal? A murderer? What could I do?After this quote, you realise that Ann is a very sensible and careful person because she decides to move her matters to a spelunk nearby her home and make it look as though no one has stopd in her house. That way she can break whoever is coming into her valley and if they are crazy or mean she can stay in the cave unbeknown to the visitor and wait until they leave. At the end of the third diary entry Ann has still not seen anyone but knows that they are camping at the crossroads and exploring North, South, East, West and when they come into the South they will find Anns valley.The most remarkable character in the book I think is Ann Burden. She is careful, mature, kind, helpful, sensible, confused, and strategic/logical. In the by-line paragraph I will explain why Ann Burden is all of the things I have just saidThe reason I think Ann is careful is because when Mr Loomis is first entering the valley she goes to the cave to live on that point as she does not know if Mr Loomis is safe. During the book Z for Zachariah you realise that in fact even though Ann is only sixteen she is to a greater extent mature than Mr Loomis who is quite a bit older than Ann. The create that shows this, is all of the oral communication I am using to describe her and she likewise thinks about having children to begin the human-race again. The manner of speaking kind, helpful and sensible describe Ann well because when Mr Loomis is ill with radiation poisoni ng she helps him and is kind to him even though hes a stranger.Also Ann still helps Mr Loomis after he tried to rape her she gives him half of everything i.e. eggs, milk and sensationalistic and lets him have the comforts of her home while she moves into the cave. It is obvious that Ann is confused, as she does not know why Mr Loomis is being so horrible to her especially when she has done everything she can to be nice to him and to help him. The last words to describe Ann are strategic and logical I think these words describe Ann well because when she does not want Mr Loomis to find her she thinks about what he can and cannot see e.g. when she take ins a fire she thinks about where and how to build it so Mr Loomis cant see it she also thinks about what time of the day to light it.The style of Z for Zachariah is in diary take a leak. Throughout the book there were not many figures of speech, however, there were a few similes, here is a quote from the book that describes Anns d og Faro when he has returned from the dead lands where there is radiation, in it there is a simile as thin as a skeleton. The structure of Z for Zachariah is in chronological order, each event contingency in an order that makes sense and makes the story more intense and interesting. During the book, there is not ofttimes direct speech as the genre of the book is in diary form so it contains more of the thoughts and feelings of Ann Burden.The themes in the book are effects of modern technology, survival, dominance, bullying, age against juvenility, optimism/realism, raising, art v science and religion v atheism. In the following sentences, I will discuss the themes that evanesce in Z for Zachariah. The first theme effects of modern technology is the theme that allowed the story to occur because zero in the book would have happened had there not been a nuclear explosion. The themes of survival, dominance and age against youth are all linked together and are in a way very homogen eous to each other. These three themes are perchance the strongest and most occurring ones throughout the book, I will explain why survival of course is going to be a major issue, Ann is the one who thinks about this the most having thought of growing her own crops, so when the supplies run out in the shop she will still have food to survive, and that is just one example.Throughout the book Mr Loomis tries to be the stereotypical Alpha male, he wants everything to be done his own way and to be done by him. For example when Ann said she would go into the townsfolk with the safe suit to collect books, even though Mr Loomis is still ill he refuses to let her go, perhaps thinking she is incapable or he could have been worried she wouldnt come back with the safe suit, although I think the first scenario is more likely. The only time Mr Loomis seemed to let Ann do things her way is when he could not do things for himself, however, he never admitted it. Age against youth is another stron g theme as throughout the book you realise that Mr Loomis even though he is older he is not always wiser and more mature, in fact Ann is definitely the more mature of the two characters. Optimism and realism are two words that can explain Ann and Mr Loomis completely different personalities.Ann being the optimist who thinks that the results of an action will always be skillful and Mr Loomis being the realist he makes decisions based on facts and not on false hope. Throughout the book breeding is a theme, but more with Ann she thinks towards the future and beginning the human-race again. The theme of art v science is one that occurs throughout the book. As Ann is interested in art and Mr Loomis is interested in science, a few quarrels occur between them. However, quarrels is perhaps the wrong word because Mr Loomis always seemed to get his own way. Again, I will use the example of when Ann wanted to use the safe suit to collect some engineering and physics books for Mr Loomis she a lso suggested that she get some for herself. Such as poetry.Yet Mr Loomis refused and said, You could not go. Understand that. Keep away from the suit. never touch it. After Mr Loomis had given Ann his lecture, she could not understand why he had become so angry. It was satisfactory if he wanted something but as soon as Ann wanted something to do with her interests, it was too much of a risk. Religion v atheism is a theme in the book. Ann being the religious one and Mr Loomis the atheist. I dont think Ann is strongly religious, I just think she finds going to the church and praying a cheering factor. Earlier I said Mr Loomis is an atheist. This means that he doesnt believe that any god or gods exist, indeed he does not understand why Ann would want to go to the church and waste her time praying.I enjoyed this book because there were few characters, which allowed you to get to know them better. I also liked the style of the book being in diary form because you didnt have to read t he minute by minute accounts of what is happening in the book you only get to read the exciting and more intense parts which would be written in a diary. The thing that made the book a smallish boring was the fact that there werent many different figures of speech.The length I though was too long, some parts of the book seemed to be dragged out to give it a longer length, for example when Mr Loomis is sick the book got a little boring because in the diary entries you really were only told what Ann had did that day, there wasnt enough character interaction. One thing that I thought ruined the book was the ending, I thought it was exciting when you were told that there was hope that there could be other people still living and you wanted to keep reading and know if there was anyone else out there, but it just stopped. Taking the entire book into account my opinion is that it is quite good as I think it gives a good insight into what could happen if there is a nuclear explosion it i s realistic.

Assessment Methods Essay Example for Free

Assessment Methods EssayWhat is sagacity? subdued and William (1998) decl ar that the term legal opinion is generally used to refer to all activities teachers use to help students analyze and to gauge student advancement. There be m both different configurations of assessment, however they set up generally be divided into two main categories fictile and summative which can be formal or informal. shaping assessment focuses on the gap between where a learner is in their encyclopaedism, and where they ask to be.Marshall (2006) states that formative assessment gives you more flexibility, your assessments can focus on the item-by-item needs of your learners. Formative assessment is ordinarily carried out during the instruction process and is a form of giving feedback to the learner, in order for them to understand how they are progressing and to identify areas that whitethorn require further attention and what they need to do to achieve the learning outcome. summational Assessment on the other hand tends to be a formal measuring of the learning and focuses on the achievements of the learner at a particular time. This could be at the end of a term or at the end of a particular program of study. It is generally used to identify if the learner has achieved a level of competence and/or companionship. Summative assessments can take the form of test, exams Practical, oral or written, the individual is usually given a score which can result in a pass or fail. Assessments can be Objective or Subjective.When assessments are objective, the questions asked have a single correct closure these questions can take the form of multiple choice or true and false answers. When assessments are subjective, the questions asked may have more than matchless answer and can take the form of a written response such as an essay. There are overly criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessments. A criteria-referenced assessment measures what a learner can actually d o (their competence) and it is measured against a set standard, an example of this is the current driving test.Whereas, norm-measured assessment compares learners one against each other, an example being the IQ test. As a teacher in my teaching normal I use a variety of assessment processes. I use criteria based formative assessment in the skills-based Basic First Aid course learners are expected to be able to complete effective CPR and to be deemed competent they are measured against a set criteria defined by the Resuscitation council and Health Safety Executive regulations. I use observation to measure whether they meet these criteria.However the assessment required for the First Aid at Work course, which is more in depth, requires a summative assessment, which takes the form of objective questioning to ascertain if the learner has gained clearly defined knowledge base and a pragmatical skill test to ascertain if the learner is able to perform effective first aid. This assessm ent is a defined pass or fail. All learners on our NVQ program are measured by doing criteria which define the context for assessment laid down by the accrediting bodies, and both formative and summative criteria-based assessments are used.This allows the assessor to give students feedback on their development and on areas that may require further attention and also to observe when they have reached occupational competency. All assessment processes must first start with an initial assessment. foreboding(a) and William (1998) suggest that this initial assessment (for learning) focuses on the gap between where a learner is in their learning, and where they need to be. This assessment is a good starting point to discover what skills your learner has and to direct them to the next stage.I carry out an initial assessment on candidates undertaking NVQ training. This is used as a neb to develop an individual learning plan for them. During this assessment process we would ask the candida tes to complete different forms and questionnaires in order to gather the information for their plan. This would include a numeracy and literacy test to judge their level of skills and to ascertain if they result need to be referred for extra help and a learning styles questionnaire so that we can tailor any training towards their preferred learning style.Initial assessment can also be used colloquially at the beginning of a course as a tool to establish learners existing knowledge and expectations. This information can be used to bias the teaching towards the needs of the learners and also focus the learning towards the learners expectations. Other types of assessment can be used to judge whether a learner has made progress such as self-assessment.This is where the student reflects upon their own progress and assesses their own development and achievements made during their learning locomote or it can be a peer-assessment, where the learners peers (who are on the same learning j ourney) assess the learners developments and achievements through with(predicate) observation of their practice during the journey or third party, which is where another person not on the learning journey, assesses the learners progress by examining how they have put the knowledge/ skills they have learnt into practice, (these would be a supervisor or manager).Assessment can occur in a number of ways including observation, watching and evaluating the learners progress which work well for practical skills-based courses written questions to gain an pinch of the learners knowledge in their own words, although this can divert against those whose written English skills are less developed Multiple Choice questionnaires, again this is to assess their understanding of the taught material, and ensures equal opportunities for everyone as it is suitable for those who may be concerned about their writing / spelling or who may be nervous.Please see assignment 8. 3. 6 record keeping in get w ind to assessment record keeping. REFERENCES Black, Paul, William, Dylan (October 1998). Inside the Black Box Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment. Phi Beta Kappan. procurable at http//www. pdkintl. org/kappan/kbla9810. htm. Marshall B. (2006) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector BTEC Level 3 Edexcel exceptional London (page 81) Wikipedia (2009) Assessment (online) available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Assessment accessed on 11/12 Oct 09

Defending Mersult Essay Example for Free

Defending Mersult EssayWhat is arbitrator? Is it when a psyches demise makes society feel better? Or is it when a suspect gets acquitted of every charges brought against him? Wherever there is justice there is obscurity. No matter how it is looked at, there is no real justice in the judicial system. In Albert Camus The Stranger the narrator, Meursault, is being raveled for the murder of a man he encounters at the beach. At his test, the prosecuting officer makes much of Meursaults demeanor and the public prosecutor focuses on irrelevant information care Meursaults failure to properly show grief at his own captures new-fangled funeral. The prosecutor based the trial on regular(a)ts which had taken place prior to the murder.Even though, his points did non behave the connective with the murder which the prosecution maintained. Therefore, the prosecutor created an unfair trial, by not giving Meursalt adequate snip to speak in his own defense, bringing up irrelevant si tuations such as his relationship with his mother and his beliefs. Meursault was not given the chance to defend himself because of movements from the prosecutor and lack of k promptlyledge of his lawyer. The case was rather create upon his lack of feelings towards his mothers death and his choice not to believe in God.Typically, throughout a trial, the defendant is given fourth dimension on the witness stand to plea innocence, and explain why he committed the crime. Meursault, however, stood before the judge and was asked yes or no questions. This left him with little or no beat to plead his case. Before he could say anything else, he was back on his way to the jail. Meursault said, I didnt even have time to think. I was taken out, put into the van, and driven to prison (Camus88). At first he did not know what was going on, but knew he wanted to say something.Then every time he would try to say something, his lawyer would simply say Just keep quiet- it wont do your case any good (Camus98). Meursaults lawyer would not let him say anything, and this bothered Meursault. Every now and then, during the trial, Meursault would have the urge to stand up and yell in his head, Wait a minute Whos the incriminate here? Being the accused counts for something. And I have something to say (Camus98).This made Meursault feel alienated from the trial that was going to determine the rest of his life.The prosecutor had involved his personal feelings about Meursaults beliefs into the case, which was definitely not needed. The prosecutor had repeatedly asked Meursault about his belief in God, and eventually got agitated because Meursault did not believe in God. bill of exchange himself up to his full height and asking me if I believed in God. I said no. Do you want my life to be meaningless? he shouted(Camus69). The prosecutor had absolutely no right(a) to bring personal feelings about Meursalt into the case.He clearly was mad and irritated, because Meursault did not believ e in God. The prosecutor was offended at the fact that, he had no belief, because of this he began to mock Meursault. Thats all for today, Monsieur Meursalt (Camus 71). As a prosecutor you are there to do your job, and not to build relationships or hatred for people. nonetheless the prosecutor had allowed Meursaults views to dictate the outcome of the trial. The prosecutor went about the whole trial, asking Meursault, his acquaintances and also his friends personal questions about his relationships with people.The prosecutor concentrate mainly on the irreverent events that had happened prior to the trial. The prosecutor focused on his reaction to his mothers death and relationship with her. Firstly, Meursault is a human being with a lack of emotions. Maybe most of the people will get freaked out or think that he is a monster, but he actually isnt. For example, he loves his mother and care for his girlfriend Marie, but he just doesnt have the strong emotions for them. He doesnt cry on his mothers funeral, he thinks marrying another girl will be the same. However Meursault lifestyle is indifferent, its quite unverbalized for him to show emotions, on the other hand, because of this Meursault should not be judge. Nonetheless the prosecutor somehow found his relationship, with his love ones to be relevant to the case, when it was not.He asked me why I had put Maman in the home. I answered I didnt havent money to have her looked after and cared for(Camus88). As one whitethorn see, the prosecutor had personalised the case by asking him why he had put his mother in a home. Meursault inability to care for his mother was irreverent, however because the prosecutor may had feel that Meursault is monster for putting his mother in a home, he wanted everyone else to have the same perspective.The case had end up focusing on the relationship his mother and how bad of a son he was to her, rather than the killing of the Arab. The prosecutor had brought the handler in to wit nesses, badgering the director with unnecessary questions about the relationship. He had asked whether Maman ever complained about meTo another question he replied that he had been surprised by my calm the day of the funeral(Camus89). As it is shown the prosecutor was more implicated by Meursault lack of emotions and lifestyle. Throughout the whole trial the prosecutor was more so trying to arouse everyone that Meursault was a bad son and self centered person.In conclusion the judicial system may definitely be corrupted at times and proceed unfair sentences. Just as Meursaults trial which was based on emotions of the prosecutor rather than the facts of the day of the killing. The prosecutor relied on events prior to that day, which were absolutely not significant to the ruling. Meursaults relationship with his mother and how he had decided to proceed with his life had no connection to the trial. The prosecutor had also not given Meursault an ample amount of time to answer or prin k for is questions, it happened all so fast for Meursault. As a result, he created an unfair trial and unrelated points against Meursault. every in all the interpretation of these events, provided by the prosecution was largely unfounded.

Idioms in Bilingual Dictionaries Essay Example for Free

Idioms in Bilingual Dictionaries EssayA mental lexicon is a collection of formulates in one or more wrangles, and it reflects the vocabulary of a voice communication. Its purpose is to provide in coiffureion on the convey of newss, combinations with other(a) manner of speaking, sometimes in any case pronunciation and other aspects of a language. Dictionaries scum bag be classified by many different aspects for example, a dictionary can be monolingual, multilingual, bilingualistised or even multilingual.If the dictionary is bilingual, it can be all unidirectional or bidirectional. Dictionaries can lease with general language, with special terms or specific ara of a language and dictionaries vary for their purposes. Thus, dictionaries can also be classified gibe to their size. Usually the almost popular dictionaries be monolingual and bilingual, and this essay aims at exploring the impost of multiword expressions, speechs in per centumicular, in bilingual di ctionaries.Burkhanov (1998) defines a bilingual dictionary as a locomote of reference whose word heed is organized in the following way L1L2, which marrow that lemmata of one language usually referred to as an object glass of language, be explicated using a nonher language a target language (Burkhanov, 1998 29). Bilingual dictionaries father a longer history than monolingual, and their position is al organise well-established. Typically bilingual dictionaries argon translation dictionaries, and at this blot the preaching of idioms and other multiword expressions should be seriously considered.Bilingual dictionaries can be general or specialized, encyclopaedic or linguistic, alphabetical or thematic, diachronic or synchronic, in print or electronic format and they also vary according to various mappingr themes and various sizes. Bilingual dictionaries can be sh ard according to their purpose if your native language is the SL, then the dictionary is for encoding needs ( also called an active dictionary), scarce if your native language is the TL, then the dictionary is for decoding needs (also called a passive dictionary).This active-passive parameter is a good deal equated with encoding vs decoding or productive vs receptive parameters and is used to classify bilingual dictionaries with respect to tasks for which they atomic number 18 employed by their users (Podolej, 2009 25). Dictionaries be organised in word entries or lexical items, and a lexical item is any word, abbreviation, partial word, or phrase which can figure in a dictionary (often as the headword of an entry) (Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M. , 2008 163).As the authors point out, it is important to be aw be of the various kinds of lexical item, as at that place are important differences in the way each is handled in the dictionary (ibid. ). Lexical items are grouped as the single items and multiword expressions (ibid. ). Among multiword expressions there are classified touch on and semi-fixed phrases, phrasal idioms, compounds, phrasal verbs and contain verb constructions, and the authors have raised a misgiving of which multiword items should be treated as multiword expressions in our dictionaries? (ibid. 166). Multiword expressions, including idioms, constitute a truly important part of the vocabulary and need to be included in twain monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, scarcely it is of particular importance to include them in bilingual learners dictionaries, since language learners may non recognize them as significant units of meaning, cannot usually compose them, and will often have problems understanding them (ibid. 167).The authors have provided several(prenominal) types of multiword expressions, the beginning(a) of them being fixed and semi-fixed phrases, for example, transparent collocations (to risk ones life), fixed phrases (ham and eggs), similes (white as snow), catch phrases (horses of courses), proverbs (too many cooks), quotatio ns (to be or not to be), greetings (good morning), and phatic phrases (have a n glass day) (ibid. ). Other type are phrasal idioms that are the most exhausting to handle in lexicography (ibid. 168). The third type that the authors provide are compounds that belong mainly to three word classes nouns (the most frequent case, e. . , lame duck, civil servant), adjectives (e. g. , sky blue, nether region deaf), and verbs (of which by far the most common are the phrasal verbs (ibid. 169). The fourth type is a phrasal verb a multiword expression consisting of a verb plus one or more particle(s) that can function either as an adverb (away, out) or as a preposition (with, to), or both (in, through) (ibid. 171). The fifth type is the support verb construction, of which the most frequent are figure out, take, have, give, and do (ibid. 175).Other authors have made this classification in a more simple way they argue that there are five types of multiword expressions distinguished, an d they are idioms, collocations, phrasal verbs, compounds and support verb constructions (Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M. , 2008 359). In order to distinguish amidst different multiword expressions, the difference between a collocation and an idiom moldiness be stated. Cruse (1986) has argued that collocations are sequences of lexical items which habitually co-occur, but which are nonetheless(prenominal) fully transparent in the sense that each lexical constituent is also a semantic constituent (Crude, 1986 41).Idioms, on the contrary, are expressions whose meaning cannot be inferred from the meaning of its parts (ibid. 37) and they are usually translated in bilingual dictionaries not with lexical, but semantic equivalents. According to Online Etymology Dictionary, the word idiom is derived from late Latin idioma, meaning a peculiarity in language and Greek idioma, peculiarity, peculiar phraseology (Online 1), but with a passage of time this word has acquired kinda different denotat ions (Cruse, 1986. 176).Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English provides the following explanation for the word idiom a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word (Online 2). Oxford online dictionary provides quite similar explanation a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (Online 3). One more raise definition of an idiom is that it is a meaning where the sums meaning is different from that of the parts (Jones and westside 1992, Johnson and Schlichting, 2004, quoted in Fuste-Hermann, 20084).Dictionaries have existed for hundreds of years and they have been developed to meet practical needs of people. The language maturation throughout centuries has been towards more idiomatic usage and more lexicalized combinations (Yong and Peng, 2007 175). Idioms are a unique part of the lexicon and have proved to be the most difficult part in vocabulary acqu isition for both native learners ad foreign language learners (ibid. ).Each language contains a large number of idioms, and consequently, the treatment of idioms in dictionaries, particularly in bilingual dictionaries, has become an essential issue in dictionary compiling and research (ibid. ). As the authors argue, idioms started to attract the focus of language researchers only quite recently, and a lot of work still has to be done in this field, either from the position of compiling a dictionary of idioms or from the position of treating idioms as an essential part of the process of making a dictionary (ibid. . Idioms are not a separate part of the language which one can choose either to use or to omit (Seidl and McMordie, 19781, quoted in Yong and Peng, 2007 175). Idioms form an essential part of the general vocabulary of language, thus accounting for a large proportion of the dictionary text in both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries (Yong and Peng, 2007 175).Both monoling ual and bilingual dictionaries should decide where in the ordering of the entry should go compounds, phrasal verbs and other MWEs, if they are to be included at bottom the entry of one of their component words (Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M, 2008 253). Usually they are considered as subsidiary headwords or they can be investd in a separate section, entitled Compounds or Phrases, but there is another option of giving them a separate entry distinct from any colligate entry (ibid. ).In general there are five most common options of handling the multiword expressions, including idioms, in dictionaries there is a possibility to make each multiword expression as a headword to make selected types of multiword expressions in their own beneficial to put all multiword expressions within the same entry, at the very ratiocination in separate blocks for each type to put all multiword expressions within the same entry, within the arrogate sense in separate blocks and there is an option of putting all multiword expressions within the same entry, within the appropriate sense, but without differentiating the multiword expression type (ibid. 254).However, according to Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M. the tendency nowadays is to avoid warrantary headwords if possible, as embedding one entry (however reduced) within another simply makes it more difficult for the user to find anything (Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M. , 2008 493). Idioms should be covered to some extent in general bilingual dictionaries, but usually they are rig in subordinate parts of entries. When compiling a bilingual dictionary, the question of classification of idioms must be decided according to a key word in idiom. For example, the idioms pigheaded person and to eat uniform a pig could be found together under one entry word pig. In practice most of bilingual and monolingual dictionaries use this approach that seems the easiest way to decode a language.However, the second possibility involves identifying the underlying function expressed and recording idioms under this category for example, the previous two examples would be classified under the function to insult someone (Akbarov, 2010 137). Idioms do not co mply with other aspects of language that can be more easily explained in terms of rules and semantic characteristics (ibid. 140). As idioms and other multiword expressions are quite hard to treat in dictionaries, the compilers of bilingual dictionaries have to be very careful towards this question because we all know how annoying it is to open a dictionary and fail to find a word that we were looking for.There is no dictionary that could include all words, and therefore lexicographers have to make decisions on selection of words in it, including idioms. Dictionaries are often regarded as a basic tool in the process of foreign language learning. Bilingual dictionaries have been the traditional lexical resource for learning a new language. Change is not something that dictionari es undertake very easily as their purpose and place is indisputably significant. Of course, advanced(a) dictionaries come in different formats they can be monolingual, bilingual, paper or electronic dictionaries, but when it comes to delimit the meaning and giving definitions or equivalents in other languages, the dictionary is the same.There are many problems the lexicographer has to deal with when compiling a bilingual dictionary and the main problem is the basic lack of equivalence which exists between different languages. According to Nida (1958 279), the semantic problems that occur in compiling a bilingual dictionary are different from and also more complicated that those problems that occur in the compilation of a monolingual dictionary. The close for that is the fact that monolingual dictionaries are compiled mostly for users who participate in and understand the culture being described, whereas bilingual dictionaries describe a culture that differs from that of the user s. Baker and Kaplan (1994 7, quoted in Gauton, 2008 108) argue that equivalence is nebulous in nature, and cannot be represented by way of neat translation equivalents.The perfect translation in a bilingual dictionary where the SL word is translatable perfectly is very rare, and in the case of multiword expressions and idioms compilers have to be ready to face problems. As Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M argue, the equivalence relationship between a pair of words, SL and TL, varies from exact to very approximate, from perfect to just-adequate and the factors that play a role in evaluating SL-TL equivalence are the semantic content (single words and multiword expressions), collocational mount (mainly single words), vocabulary type (single words and multiword expressions), message (of phrases, including idioms and sayings) and function (Atkins, B. T. and Rundel, M, 2008 468). Thus, there no right and wrong about how to present the various types of multiword expressions (ibid. 491).As Yo ng and Peng (2007) argue, idioms are the evolutional product of national culture and well-disposed life (Yong and Peng, 2007 176), thus they are conventionally lexicalized linguistic units and ready-made utterances (Crystal,1985 152, quoted in Yong and Peng, 2007 176). Structurally, the elements in idioms are usually bound together and they often do not permit the usual variability they demonstrate in other contexts (ibid. ). Thus, from the semantic point of view, idioms must be interpreted in connection with the historical and cultural contexts from which they emerged (Yong and Peng, 2007 176). Idioms are unified and the meaning cannot be guessed without knowing its sociocultural context even though the meaning of separate words is clear (ibid. ). However, some idioms are historically traceable with translations in several languages (Fuste-Hermann, 20085).The sociocultural context is of extreme importance in dealing with idioms in bilingual dictionaries as there are the so-calle d culture-bound words that denote objects or concepts peculiar to some particular SL culture (Gauton, 2008 110). It means that for these culture-bound items there are no translational equivalents in the TL and in order to overcome this lack, lexicographers use the explanatory equivalent in their illustrative sentences (ibid. 110-111). Mtuze (1990, quoted in Gauton, 2008 111) illustrates that cultural issues could create problems for lexicographers because they might not catch certain concepts foreign to their own culture. As Fuste-Herrmann argues, there are three major factors alter idiom comprehension semantic transparency, familiarity and context (Fuste-Hermann, 2008 6).The first one, the semantic transparency, deals with the relative correspondence of an idioms literal and figurative meanings (Nippold and Taylor 1995, quoted in Fuste-Hermann, 2008 6). There can be a transparent and an opaque idiom, a transparent idioms meaning matches closely with the image conjured up by that idiom and in contrast an opaque idiom conjures up an image that is not helpful in interpretation (Fuste-Hermann, 2008 6). For example, the idiom a piece of cake could associate with some enjoyable task, whereas beat around the bush has zipper to do with its meaning (ibid. ).Therefore the previous studies have concluded that transparent idioms are generally easier to draw than opaque idioms (Nippold and Taylor 1995, quoted inFuste-Hermann, 2008 6). The transparency of idioms can be also discussed in terms of their decomposition (Glucksberg, 2001, quoted in Fuste-Hermann, 2008 6). Idioms that are decompositional are able to be modified for example, he broke the ice, she breaks the ice, after the ice was broken etc (Fuste-Hermann, 2008 6). Therefore the noncompositional idioms cannot survive the same alterations (ibid. ). In general decompositional idioms are likened to transparent idioms, and less decompositional idioms are equated with opaque idioms (ibid. ). The other factor is familiarity the frequency with which an idiom occurs in a language (ibid. 7).It is relative and depends on such factors as geographical location, linguistic background , culture and age (Nippold and Rudinski 1991, quoted in Fuste-Hermann, 2008 7). The main idea is that the more frequently the idiom is used, it becomes more familiar (Fuste-Herrmann, 2008 7). The third factor is context contextual cues are imperative for comprehension of unfamiliar idioms in either the written or literal modality, particularly if idioms are more opaque in nature (Qualls et. al. , 2003, quoted in Fuste-Herrmann, 2008 8). According to Fuste-Herrmann, in the abide several decades many researchers have speculated about how idioms are interpreted (Fuste-Herrmann, 2008 8).The first hypotheses that she advances is the Early Hypotheses that implied the idea of idioms when encountered for the first time in spoken or written language, the listener or reader tries to interpret the idiom literally, thus, wh en the literal meaning fails to make sense, the listener/reader hen accesses a mental idiom list, described as a sort of a mental idiom dictionary, in order to fructify the figurative meaning (Searle, 1979, quoted in Fuste-Herrmann, 2008 9).Swinney and Cutler (1979) have challenged the existence of a mental idiom list and also proposed that the meaning of idioms were processed simultaneously as figurative and literal and the most appropriate interpretation wins (Fuste-Herrmann, 2008 9). Idioms are quite hard to acquire when learning a second language and it is considered that their arbitrary nature makes it difficult for learners to learn them, thus they are not easy to translate. Translating multiword expressions requires that they are not the exact word-to-word translation, but a translation of semantic equivalence should be offered.Traditionally idioms are perceived as rather fixed expressions that learners have difficulties with, but more and more modern dictionaries include id ioms as well as other multiword expressions in their word lists that facilitate the language comprehension. As idioms can be found in either separate or sub-entries, sometimes it could be quite hard to find its location in a dictionary. For this purpose electronic dictionaries could be more useful than paper ones as it is more easy to locate the necessary idiom. Bilingual dictionaries are meant for learning a new language, and as idioms constitute a hearty part of any language, they should be treated properly and with care.

Blades, Inc. Case Essay Example for Free

Blades, Inc. Case EssayBen Holt, chief financial officer (chief financial officer) of Blades, Inc., has decided to balk the decreasing demand for Speedos roller blades by exporting this product to Tailand. Furthermore, due to the low cost of meritlessise and plastic in Southeast Asia, Holt has decided to import some of the components needed to manufacture Speedos from Thailand. Holt feels that importing preventive and plastic components from Thailand will provide Blades with a cost advantage ( the components im-ported from Thailand be about 20 percentage cheaper than similar components in the United States). Currently, approximately $ 20 million, or 10 percent, of Blades sales are contributed by its sales in Thailand. Only about 4 percent of Blades cost of goods sold is attributable to rubber and plastic imported from Thailand. Blades faces little competition in Thailand from other U. S. roller blades manufacturers. Those competitors that export roller blades to Thailand poster their exports in U. S. dollars.Currently, Blades follows a policy of invoicing in Thai baht ( Thailands currency). Ben Holt felt that this strategy would fall out Blades a competitive advantage since Thai importers can plan more easily when they do not have to worry about paying differing amounts due to currency fluctuations. Furthermore, Blades primary customer in Thailand ( a retail store) has committed itself to purchasing a certain amount of Speedos annually if Blades will invoice in baht for a period of 3 years. Blades purchases of components from Thai exporters are currently invoiced in Thai baht. Ben Holt is preferably content with current arrangements and believes the lack of competitors in Thailand, the quality of Blades products, and its approach to pricing will ensure Blades property in the Thai roller blade market in the future.Holt also feels that Thai in the Thai roller blade market in the future. Holt also feels that Thai importers will prefer Blades over i ts competitors because Blades invoices in Thai baht. You, Blades financial analyst, have doubts as to Blades guaranteed future success. Although you believe Blades strategy for its Thai sales and imports are sound, you are concerned about current expectations for the Thai economy. Current forecasts indicate a high take aim of anticipated inflation, a decreasing level of national income, and a continued depreciation of the Thai baht.In your opinion, all of these future developments could affect Blades financially given the companys current arrangements with its suppliers and with the Thai importers. both(prenominal) Thai consumers and firms might adjust their spending habits should certain developments occur. In the past, you have had difficulty convincing Ben Holt that problems could wax in Thailand. Consequently, you have developed a list of questions for yourself, which you plan to present to the companys CFO after you have answered them. Your questions are listed here1. How co uld a higher level of inflation in Thailand than that of US affect Blades import and export respectively in the following two scenarios?a. In the short term, US$ versus THB hold at fixed exchange rate due to a pegged exchange rate policy.b. In the long run, the Thailand trade deficit causes the pegged exchange

Analyse the Pay Tv Market in Sa Using the Five Forces Framework Essay Example for Free

analyze the Pay Tv Market in Sa Using the Five Forces Framework EssayThe threat of refreshing entrants in the South African Pay TV market is low for reasons discussed below Capital Requirements The casing study clearly states that Top TV spent in the region of R1 billion to become operating(a) which shows that the capital needed to do business in this industry is steep. The case too highlight early(a) licensees such as WOWtv and Telkom Media (later sold to become Super 5 Media) struggling to launch and pay debts respectively. hike proving that the capital needed to operate in this environment is very huge requiring investors with a strong pecuniary muscle. Product Differentiation There is inciter identification and loyalty to DStv for the simple reason that it has been the only worker (monopoly) in this industry for more than 15 years and has built huge fences around it to couple brand loyalty by entering into long exclusive deals with some of the biggest channels and st udios in the US.Cost Disadvantages DStv has benefitted from the acquire and experience curve and being that it has been the only player in the market for a long age it has exploited this by entering into long exclusive deals, putting proper technology infrastructure to turn away technical glitches that for instance Top TV experienced. These cost advantages positions DStv well ahead of mod entrants or discourages brand-new entrants.The threat of new entrants is also low because of the fighting muscle DStv has in fighting off new entrants as it demonstrated to Top TV, by coming up with a new range of packages that also targeted the lower LSM groups which Top TV had targeted. This repositioning of DStv had huge repel effects on Top TV to a point that Top TV is fighting to stay in business. Last but not least DStv has gained economies of scale in research, marketing and financing over the years they have been operating as a monopoly.

Studying Literature Essay Example for Free

Studying Literature Essay inauspicious to students within other provinces, those in Ontario should study only Canadian publications in grade gondola cardinal English courses. Although there are many existing writers in different cultures, it is important for Ontario students to first drop dead familiar with Canadian literature before moving on. It is believed that students should focus on their Canadian culture disrespect being surrounded by other cultures- promote and establish their own writers, and encourage younger Canadian authors.Pupils currently enrolled in English in Ontario are constantly bombarded by American culture, when they should, instead, be concentrating on Canadian literature. This is starting to become a trend in Canada, as they dedicate always been the separate plant of another country. This means that our own culture has never had the chance to develop as we grant always been under the thumb of a to a greater extent powerful foreign culture. This be gan with the influence of England and France for many eld students in Ontario would study Shakespeare, along with other British writers.This is no different than the impact of American culture, which swamps Canadawith American authors such as Fitzgerald. However, many schools limit a students exposure to Canadian novels to those undercoat on International Studies Preparation (ISP) reading lists. In this common sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature without considering our own. As a result, many Canadian students have problems appreciating their culture, since Canadian literature is not promoted hale enough.It is no wonder Canadian students have problems appreciating their culture. The Canadian literature most frequently studied is typically old. This literature includes works such as The Apprenticeship of Duddly Kravitz, by Mordecai Richler, The Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence and the Fifth personal credit line by Robertson Davies. Th e Fifth Business is quite unique since it was published in 1970 over 35 years ago and yet it is still included in many grade twelve English courses crosswise Ontario.A book that is seemingly closer to our time is Margaret Atwoods novel, Handmaids Tale, which was published in 1985 over ten years ago. Although most teachers allow, and sometimes even encourage, students to focus on more modern Canadian books for their ISP, their classroom experience is usually limited to studying these older generations of Canadian literature. Schools and educators should start to get students more familiar with both past and present Canadian authors- this could lead any student to the path of befitting an author themselves.Another issue with Canadian literature is that the authors are primarily white (English Canadian) and not brooding of our modern multicultural society. As Robertson Davies states, 2Canada is not going to have a national literature in the mode of those European lands where a lo ng history has bound the people together, and where a homogenized racial inheritance has given them a language, customs, and even a national dress of their own. We acquire to promote the work of Canadian authors who have come from different backgroundsand who are able make a connection with our multicultural student body.As Canadians, we are lost in a sea of global influences we hardly know who we are and this happens many of us realizing it. What is a Canadian? A Canadian is a fellow wearing English tweeds, a Hong Kong shirt and Spanish shoes, who sips Brazilian coffee sweetened with Philippine sugar from a Bavarian cup while nibbling Swiss cheese, sitting at a Danish desk over a Persian rug, after coming home in a German car from an Italian movie.. , is an anonymous saying that practically defines the typical Canadian experience.It is clear why Margaret Atwood could comment that Canadians have issues with establishing their identity. When discussing Canadian writers she argu es that Canada, as a state of mind, does not really exist 4Im talking slightly Canada as a state of mind, as the space you inhabit not just with your body only with your head. Its that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost. In conclusion, Canadian literature should be more recognized and promoted within our generation of young students.By familiarizing ourselves with our own writers and disregarding writers from other countries, we can put one across more knowledge about authors from Canada and their literature. While some might view this as ignorant, taking this progression will allow Canadian students to see the value of our authors. Once our students have a strong sense of our own writers they can start to read about the achievements of American and British authors as well.

Criminal law: Treating a child as an adult

Criminal law Treating a peasant as an openhandedA 15 year old commits a aversion, depending on the heartrendingness of the crime, that minor should be case-hardened as an hand more or less.Children in the past watch been given many but non t knocked out(p) ensemble of the due process protection that is recognized in crowing criminal woos, so wherefore thunder mugt children be treated as adults if they get authorized advant terms that adults get. Juvenile courts have many of the afore say(prenominal) rights as adults much(prenominal) as the right to a hearing. Juvenile offenders are typically treated as a special group. The courts soon realized that children could commit serious offenses therefore the jejune courts created a map to transfer the typesetters case to the adult criminal courts.Nearly all states have provisions where if a youthful who commits a serious felony can be prosecuted as an adult. This provision is called concurrent jurisdiction where the pr osecutor can decide if the case will be moved to the adult courts. Statutory exclusion means that the general assembly can require that certain serious crimes that involve new-fashioneds can be tried in the adult court system instead of leaving it up to the prosecutor or the enounce to decide how the case will be taken care of. In 1994 at least 13 states required that certain juvenile cases should be handled by the criminal courts. The case of the sniper shootings in the Washington D. C. area involved lee(prenominal) Boyd Malvo who was 17 at the time of the shootings. Malvo was tried as an adult for capital murder and was sentenced to life without battle cry. angiotensin-converting enzyme percent of juvenile cases are waved to the adult criminal court each year. Juvenile crimes lead to to a greater extent serious crimes. Therefore the juveniles need to be stopped by being treated as adults and getting worse punishments than they would if treated as a juvenile. Both Bill Clin ton and Robert Dole urged that juveniles charged with violent crimes be tried as adults, removing them from the protective confines of juvenile court proceedings. lawcourts are going guts and aspect at court cases that involved juveniles getting sentenced to life without parole. In 2009 the Supreme Court looked at dickens crimes (Graham and Sullivan) involving juveniles that committed crimes that should non have sentenced them to life without parole. They will be deciding whether life without parole sentences for juveniles is unconstitutionally harsh. Florida is one of six states to charge juveniles for non-homicide crimes. An estimated 2,570 juvenile defendants in the United States are serving life without parole sentences, nearly all are homicide re tardyd. Of the 111 juvenile defendants who committed lesser offences such as Graham and Sullivan, 77 of them are in Florida prisons (USA Today, Nov. 10, 2009). The Supreme Court ruled that sentencing a juvenile to life without par ole for a non- homicide crime is unconstitutional. There was a 5-4 decision on this ruling. Justice Kennedy states in his majority opinion Gives all juvenile non-homicide offenders a chance to demonstrate maturity and reform. The juvenile should non be deprived of the prospect to achieve maturity of judgment and self-recognition of human worth and potential (EJI). In 2010, a state enunciate in Michigan sentenced life without parole to Dakotah Eliason who was convicted of murdering his step grandfather. Dakotah was 14 at the time of the murder. The defense said this sentence was cruel and unusual punishment and violated the 8th Amendment. Long-standing and unchallenged precedent establishes that when a juvenile is convicted of killing another human being, a life-without-parole sentence does not violate the Eighth Amendment, says Judge Scott Schofield who was the judge in the Eliason case (WBST.com, October 25, 2010). An article dated May 1995 states that the public is alarmed by t he increasing derive of juvenile violence. Between 1982 and 1992 arrest for juvenile violence doubled. If people were afraid of the increase in juvenile violence in 1982 and 1992 then what does that have to say for the violence now. Juvenile violence may not be as high as it was in the late 1900s, thats most probably because in the late 1900s security wasnt as serious as it is now. Juveniles in the late 1900s had a meliorate chance of getting something that they should not have in their possession than in 2011. In 1987-1993 politicians started using the phrase adult crime, adult time.A May 2010 article mentions that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life in prison without committing non- homicide crimes. Attorneys explain that juveniles cannot be convicted of a crime that they cannot control because their frontal lobe has not fully developed. The frontal lobe is responsible for reasoning, impulse control, and planning. A theater of operations was done at the New York University School of Medicine that shows that the frontal lobe is one of the last areas to reach maturity. It ripe(p)s round age 20 or beyond. The 26th Amendment changed the voting age from 21 to 18, therefore most states bring down the age of adulthood to 18. Juvenile courts were designed to save children from the damage that could be caused by holding them with adult offenders. Studies show that transferring juveniles to adult courts is not an effective deterrent of further criminal spielivity. In 2005, the Supreme Court banned use of the death penalty against minors in all cases. In 2009 the Just Kids federation found that the adult court system teaches teens to become violent criminals, subject them to sexual and physical cry out and waste taxpayers notes. Problems at home could have contributed to the child committing the crime therefore the courts should look into the juveniles family background. Studies show that juveniles who are tried as adults are more likely to commit another crime than those tried in the juvenile court system. This means that it is more effective to prosecute all juveniles in the juvenile court system.The government should treat children as adults depending on how serious the crime is. Example if a 14 year old murdered someone and it was not self defense then yes the child should be treated as an adult. Lock up only the most serious and most violent offenders. Kids that commit crimes such as murder or terrorism should be tried as adults not kids that are retention or drug offenders. If children want to try to be grown up or are essay to grow up to fast then they should be treated like an adult if they want to act like an adult, like the phrase says adult crime, adult time. The only reason why a child should not be treated as an adult is if the crime is not serious sufficiency or if the child has family or school problems or psychological problems then the courts would have to take a whole other approach. If people are concerned that teens being sent to chuck out with adults is critical to their wellness then the Government could build a building for teens that get tried as an adult and sentenced to jail time. Even though this will use tax money, it is better than putting kids into a jail that may not suit them. Also the kids will get more attention and learn to make better decisions if they ever get out of jail. This building will serve the purpose of the juvenile courts for those juveniles that committed serious crimes which is to rehabilitate, not only punish which is what the adult courts are used for. Since courts are now going back and looking at court cases where juveniles were sentenced to life without parole this means they will be permit some convicts out on good behavior or put them in the right facilities. These convicts that the courts are permit out are not murders but they s trough committed a crime. That is just like letting a 45 year old out for good behavior when he assaulted someone when he was 34. America is suppose to be a safe place, but if we have murders getting let out of jail and roaming the street who knows if they will strike again even if they were convicted when they were a juvenile. If the frontal lobe does not mature until into young adult hood than the Government should raise the age of juvenile court jurisdiction till the age of when the frontal lobe is scientifically proven to be fully developed. So then courts can be sure that the convicted persons brain was fully developed and they were fully aware of what was happening and what the consequences should be. The Government should also require a document that says that you will still be considered a juvenile if you are under the age of 18, but if you commit certain serious crimes while under the age of 18 you will be treated as an adult.Most criminal activity happens after school hours and on weekends in the evening. Schools could dish with the crime rate by offering more school activities that do not cost money to be in or are offered for a low cost. Then students would be less likely to commit a crime especially if they are an officer of a club or on a team that they represent in and outside of school. There are pros and cons to whether or not a child should be treated as an adult but if we do not stop the crime rate in children than the crime rate in adults is going to rise because once those children get fourth-year their crimes will most likely develop into more serious crimes. Juveniles are different than adults. Juveniles are not as mature as adults both physically and mentally but that does not mean they should not suffer the same consequences as adults. People always say children are the future but if we do not welcome them to the real world and make them realize that the decisions and actions they make have consequences than they will have no future and will not be able to make it through life.